When protein kinase A (PKA) is inactive, which of the following statements is true? ATP is bound to the regulatory subunit to inhibit subunit dissociation. CAMP is bound to the catalytic site to inhibit the regulatory subunit. The regulatory subunit has cyclic GMP bound in place of cyclic AMP. The intrinisic pseudosubstrate peptide is bound to the active site.

Q: The alpha subunits of heterotrimeric G-proteins act as molecular timing switches.  Explain the…

A: G proteins (Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins) belongs to a family of proteins which are highly…

Q: Which three amino acid residues can be phosphorylated by kinases? What property do these amino acids…

A: Gene expression in organisms is controlled at various levels like at the level of transcription,…

Q: f What advantage is there to phosphoglycerate kinase having an open and closed protein…

A: Glycolysis is the 10-step enzymatic conversion of 1 molecule of six-carbon glucose to two molecules…

Q: Antagonist binds to the enzyme at a site far away from the receptor site to inhibit the function of…

A: Glycolysis converts glucose to pyruvate which is then oxidized to carbon dioxide and water by the…

Q: What are phosphatases and what is their role in twocomponent regulatory systems?

A: The two-component regulatory system (TCRS) are the important signaling system or the mediators of…

Q: Why does CTP favor the T state while ATP favors the R state?

A: Enzymes are biological catalysts that catalyze specific chemical reactions in living organisms.…

Q: Which of the following is an INCORRECT association? mTOR: protein & lipid synthesis AS160 GLUT4…

A: Introduction A protein is an extremely complex natural substance made up of amino acid residues…

Q: What is allosteric regulation? Describe HOW allosteric regulation acts like an “on/off” switch for…

A: The cell signaling is the communication between cells that requires specific signaling molecules…

Q: Phosphoglycerate kinase shows induced fit resulting from the binding of both substrates to form the…

A: Phosphoglycerate kinase is a glycolysis enzyme that catalyses the seventh reaction in the ten-step…

Q: A allosteric regulator the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction by inducing the active site of the…

A: Enzymes are macromolecular biological catalysts that accelerate chemical reactions. The molecules…

Q: For each of the following sentences, fill in the blanks with the best word or phrase selected from…

A: Extracellular ligands bind to cell surface receptors in several cell signaling pathways, triggering…

Q: Drag the terms on the left to the appropriate blanks on the right to complete the sentences. Terms…

A: Nucleotide metabolism is the set of biochemical reactions that involve the synthesis and breakdown…

Q: Which of the following statements about GTP and GTPases is correct? 1. GTPase activating protein…

A: GTPases are an enormous group of hydrolase compounds that binds in the spot to the nucleotide…

Q: 1. What effect would the noncompetitive inhibitor of the G1/S-Cdk complex have on the Rb protein in…

A: Rb protein suppresses tumor cell growth, it plays a key role in the G1 checkpoint of the cell cycle…

Q: The enzyme threonine dehydrogenase which catalyzes one of the reactions in the production of the…

A: Enzyme threonine dehydrogenase is an enzyme, the amino acid isoleucine synthesized from it.

Q: The change in the amount of product B in a reaction which is catalyzed by Enzyme A is given in the…

A: Michaelis menten constant, Km= It is the substrate concentration required to produce half maximum…

Q: Cholera is an acute, diarrheal disease caused by infection of the intestine with the gram-negative,…

A: Proteins are high molecular weight biomolecules made up of amino acid residues linked via peptide…

Q: Which of the following pathways would be considered stage 3 catabolism? (Choose all correct…

A: Hi, thank you for posting the question on Bartleby. As per the guidelines, we can answer only one…

Q: Why is it reasonable to expect that control can be exerted near the end of a pathway as well as near…

A: The biochemical pathways comprise a wide variety of control mechanisms at many organizational…

Q: Is protein kinase A a second messenger in the adenylate cyclase pathway?

A: Secondary messenger is the low molecular weight, intracellular molecule produced in high…

Q: What is something that allosteric effectors that alter the rate of catabolic or anabolic pathways…

A: Enzymes are biological catalysts that alter the rate of biochemical reactions. Allosteric enzymes…

Q: Which of the following regulators are said to act in cis?

A: The regulation of molecular biological processes is important. Poor controls on regulation lead to…

Q: To be metabolized, glucose must be converted to glucose 6-phosphate. However, the phosphorylation of…

A: Cellular respiration involves conversion of glucose into energy which is utilized by cells. The…

Q: EGTA is a chelating agent that binds to Ca2+ with a high affinity and specificity. An experimenter…

A: An alpha-1 adrenergic receptor is a GPCR type receptor. A GPCR is a transmembrane receptor with 7…

Q: What is the major activator (non-allosteric, direct-activator) of phosphorylase?  How does this…

A: The entire number of biochemical processes involved in sustaining the living circumstances of cells…

Q: You have discovered a ubiquitin (Lys48) ligase that is activated when human cells have high cyclic…

A: polyubiquitination of a protein leads to degradation thereby maintains protein load in a cell.

Q: Can you please explain this pathway on the slide?

A: Metabolism is the series of chemical reactions that occurs inside the living body for the production…

Q: During regulation of glycogen synthesis by glucagon, what molecule is the secondary messenger?

A: There are a few important points : Glycogen is a highly branched and very large polymer of glucose…

Cell Signaling

It allows cells to perform various cellular activities, coordinate, and interact with other cells. All cells of an organism receive signals from their environments and respond accordingly. Even the unicellular eukaryotes receive signals secreted by other cells and respond. In the case of yeast, mating takes place by signaling between the yeast cells. Communication by cell signaling in a multicellular organism has become a vast and important part of various fields of biology.