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Enzymes are macromolecular biological catalysts that accelerate chemical reactions.
The molecules that an enzyme works with are called substrates. The substrates bind to a region on the enzyme called the active site.
In case of any chemical reaction, which takes place with the help of a bio-catalyst called the enzymes, there is a formation of the enzyme-substrate complex. This enzyme-substrate complex finally leads to the formation of the product.
Substrate + Enzyme --> [enzyme-substrate complex] --> Product.
Enzymes are used as a catalyst for any reaction. It accelerates the pace of the reaction by lowering down the activation energy.
Several factors affect the rate at which enzymatic reactions proceed - temperature, pH, enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, and the presence of any inhibitors or activators.
Ambient conditions required for enzyme activity:
Every enzyme requires a certain range of pH, and temperature to perform. In a biological system, the ambient temperature for the enzymatic function is 37°C. Enzyme concentration and substrate concentration should be high enough so as the enzyme and substrate do not get perished in between the reaction. The presence of the inhibitor may slow down the reaction or completely prevent it. While activator will accentuate the pace of the reaction.
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