What similarities and what differences between the graphs?What antibiotics were the most successful at killing the cave bacteria? Which antibiotics were the least successful? What evidence supports this claim? How many of the 26 antibiotics successfully killed 100% of the bacterial strains? What does this say about our ability to fight infections with our current arsenal of antibiotics? Which target of bacteria seems to be the most resistant to antibiotics? Why might that be? Did any antibiotics affect gram-positive and gram-negative strains very differently? From what other environments might scientists collect bacterial samples to further test their hypothesis that antibiotic resistance is a trait that evolved without being influenced by modern antibiotic use? 100 BOS Ribosome90 50S Ribosome80 Folate PathwayCell Wall Synthesis6070DNA/RNA SynthesisCell Membrane504030Gram +ve2010GentamicinNeomycinApramycinStreptomycinTetracyclineBTigecycline100 130S Ribosome90 50S Ribosome80 -Folate Pathway70 DNA/RNA Synthesis60 Cell Wall SynthesisAntibiotic (20 Hg/ml)CephalexinFosfomycinVancomycin5040Daptomycin3020Gram -ve10ApramycinGentamicinNeomycinMinocyclineTigecyclineClindamycinStreptomycinChioramphenicolErythromycinSulfamethoxazoleTrimethoprimTelithromycinMeropenemCefotaximeAntibiotic (20 µg/ml)RifampicinFor the results shown in the figure above, scientists collected bacteria from locations that had neverbeen exposed to humans or modern antibiotics. Their study site was a cave that was fully isolatedfrom human contact and surface contamination (such as rainwater) until the 1980s. The scientistscollected over 500 unique bacterial strains from three locations in the cave. Of these, 93 culturablestrains were randomly selected to be screened for resistance to modern-day antibiotics. About 60%of the bacteria were Gram-negative. The remaining bacteria were classified as Gram-positive. Thebacteria were tested for survival against 26 different antibiotics, each falling into one of sixcategories based on the protein or pathway it targeted within bacterial cells: 30S ribosome, 50Sribosome, folate pathway, DNA/RNA synthesis, cell wall synthesis, or the cell membrane. Each strainFosfomycinof bacteria was tested by placing it on growth medium that contained a high concentration of anantibiotic. If the bacterial strain could reach a cell density of at least half that achieved by the samestrain growing without antibiotic, it was considered resistant to the antibioticsistant Strains (%)%)MinocyclineResistant Strains (TetracyclineMeropenemCefotaximeAmpicillinCiprofloxacinPiperacillinCephalexinAmpicilinPiperacillin

These graphs are based on the observation of bacteria collected from cave and were tested for…

Answered: What similarities and what differences…

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

See similar textbooks

Related questions

Question

What similarities and what differences between the graphs?

What antibiotics were the most successful at killing the cave bacteria? Which antibiotics were the least successful? What evidence supports this claim?

How many of the 26 antibiotics successfully killed 100% of the bacterial strains? What does this say about our ability to fight infections with our current arsenal of antibiotics?

Which target of bacteria seems to be the most resistant to antibiotics? Why might that be?

Did any antibiotics affect gram-positive and gram-negative strains very differently?

From what other environments might scientists collect bacterial samples to further test their hypothesis that antibiotic resistance is a trait that evolved without being influenced by modern antibiotic use?

100 BOS Ribosome
90 50S Ribosome
80 Folate Pathway
Cell Wall Synthesis
60
70
DNA/RNA Synthesis
Cell Membrane
50
40
30
Gram +ve
20
10
Gentamicin
Neomycin
Apramycin
Streptomycin
Tetracycline
B
Tigecycline
100 130S Ribosome
90 50S Ribosome
80 -Folate Pathway
70 DNA/RNA Synthesis
60 Cell Wall Synthesis
Antibiotic (20 Hg/ml)
Cephalexin
Fosfomycin
Vancomycin
50
40
Daptomycin
30
20
Gram -ve
10
Apramycin
Gentamicin
Neomycin
Minocycline
Tigecycline
Clindamycin
Streptomycin
Chioramphenicol
Erythromycin
Sulfamethoxazole
Trimethoprim
Telithromycin
Meropenem
Cefotaxime
Antibiotic (20 µg/ml)
Rifampicin
For the results shown in the figure above, scientists collected bacteria from locations that had never
been exposed to humans or modern antibiotics. Their study site was a cave that was fully isolated
from human contact and surface contamination (such as rainwater) until the 1980s. The scientists
collected over 500 unique bacterial strains from three locations in the cave. Of these, 93 culturable
strains were randomly selected to be screened for resistance to modern-day antibiotics. About 60%
of the bacteria were Gram-negative. The remaining bacteria were classified as Gram-positive. The
bacteria were tested for survival against 26 different antibiotics, each falling into one of six
categories based on the protein or pathway it targeted within bacterial cells: 30S ribosome, 50S
ribosome, folate pathway, DNA/RNA synthesis, cell wall synthesis, or the cell membrane. Each strain
Fosfomycin
of bacteria was tested by placing it on growth medium that contained a high concentration of an
antibiotic. If the bacterial strain could reach a cell density of at least half that achieved by the same
strain growing without antibiotic, it was considered resistant to the antibiotic
sistant Strains (%)
%)
Minocycline
Resistant Strains (
Tetracycline
Meropenem
Cefotaxime
Ampicillin
Ciprofloxacin
Piperacillin
Cephalexin
Ampicilin
Piperacillin

Expert Solution

Trending now

This is a popular solution!

Step by step

Solved in 2 steps

SEE SOLUTION Check out a sample Q&A here

Knowledge Booster

Learn more about

Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.

Similar questions