9. What levels of insulin and glucagon would you predict you’d find in Fatima after she ingests the chocolate milk? a. insulin: high / low / none b. glucagon: high / low / none please draw a drawing with your explanation and explain what is happening in the drawing. also, please explain why your answer is correct. ScenarioFatima is a member of her local swim team and attends practice Monday - Friday afternoon every dayfor 5 years. Fatima has school during the day, eats lunch around 12pm and practices right afterschool at3pm. The school allows students to have water breaks during the day, but there is not enough time tosnack between lunch and practice. This means that when Fatima begins her workout, she has not eatenin three hours. Case Study: Digestive System, Metabolism& ThermoregulationGoalApply concepts of digestive physiology, metabolism and thermoregulation toa case study on swimming and post-exercise chocolate milk consumption toexplore aspects of blood glucose homeostasis, metabolic processes, andthermoregulation.ContextMany athletes participate in double workouts, meaning they practice bothmorning and afternoon/evening with about 12 hours between workoutsessions. Glycogen levels become reduced during a workout; if glycogen levelsare depleted and not replenished before the next bout of intense exercise theathlete is at increased risk for injury, diminished performance, and/ordecreased immune function. The recommendation based on experimental data is to replenish cellularglycogen levels after a workout. The question becomes, "When should an athlete consume nutrients torestore cellular glycogen stores?" This depends on several factors, including whether the exercise wasdone in a fed or fasted state and the nutrient composition of food after a workout (i.e., post-exerciserecovery nutrition).Based on research from the University of Texas Austin and University of Indiana Bloomington, we havelearned that ingesting a certain ratio of carbohydrate and protein and a specific number of calorieswithin 30 minutes after an intense workout allows for sufficient replenishment of glycogen. (This isbecause exercise results in increased numbers of GLUT receptors expressed in skeletal muscle.) It'sbeen determined that the ratio of carbohydrate to protein should be 3:1, and it turns out that chocolatemilk is the perfect ratio. It is also an affordable and delicious option and appears to be a betteralternative than commercial sports beverages to help athletes recover from strenuous, energy-depletingexercise. Chocolate milk offers other benefits including:electrolyte replenishment;• muscle repair via the amino acids;• enhanced glucose uptake because amino acids have a permissive effect on insulin; andcalcium.

A gland is a structure somewhat similar to organ but play vital role in liberation of material. Gland is divided into:- I ) Endocrine gland II ) Exocrine gland In human body , pancreas act as both exocrine and endocrine gland.Pancreas is a leaf like structure that is broad on one side but narrow on other side. It comprises of islet of langerhans that contain three types of cells . Each cell releases its own respective hormone. I ) Alpha cell :- It produce glucagon. II ) Beta cell :- It produce insulin. III) Delta cell :- It produce somatostatin hormone. Now , chocolate milk is highly calorific and has lot of sugar content. This drink can bring about instantaneous increase in blood sugar level. Thus , blood sugar level rises immediately after chocolate milk intake . a ) Insulin :- high I ) High blood sugar level trigger pancreas to liberate more amount of insulin. II ) Insulin then convert excess of glucose into its reserve form that is glycogen. III) In this way , excess glucose level is regulated.b ) Glucagon:- low I )Low blood glucose level triggers Pancreas to liberate glucagon. II) Glucagon cause break down of glycogen and convert it to glucose so as to regulate blood glucose level. But , when Fatima drinks chocolate milk , high calorie diet and more sugar cause blood glucose level to increase . In such case , Pancreas trigger beta cell to liberate more amount of insulin and suppress the alpha cell ( that produce glucagon) .