What is the function of carbohydrate groups present in collagen? Where are the carbohydrate units located in collagen? What is the role of vitamin C in the biosynthesis of collagen?

Q: What is meant by the term “affinity maturation” and what is its significance in the human immune…

A: The Immune System is made up of many types of cells and chemicals that defend our bodies against…

Q: How are cell-mediated and antibody-mediated immune responses similar and different?

A: The immune response describes how our body recognizes and defends itself against the bacteria,…

Q: What is the effect of the changes in the structure of the immunoglobulin G and its function of…

A: Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies are large globular proteins with a molecular weight of about 150…

Q: You are studying growth factor GFA, which you know stimulates the proliferation of goblet cells in…

A: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic condition characterized by inflammation in the…

Q: How are cell-mediated immunity and antibody-mediated immunity alike? How are they different?

A: Human have three type of immunity:  Innate immunity: Humans are born with innate immunity such as…

Q: What is the smallest unit of an antibody that can retain the specificity and binding affinity of the…

A: Antigen-binding fragments generated from the variable region of IgG and IgM include Fab2, Fab, Fab',…

Q: Like many proteins that do their jobs outside of cells, immunoglobulin G is a glycoprotein. The…

A: Protein glycosylation is the process of adding a carbohydrate moiety to a protein molecule. It's a…

Q: inflammation part of an immune responseand why is the spleen part of an immune response?

A: Immune responses are reactions that are triggered by antigens or foreign bodies and thereby help the…

Q: Antibodies:  IMMUNOLOGY basic  have two identical antigen-binding sites.  consist of two identical…

A: The multiple choice questions are worked and answers are given below

Q: What Release histamine, promote inflammation?

A: The question is about the release of histamine and the reason for inflammation.

Q: Tuberculosis is a chronic respiratory condition caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a high…

A: Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Q: What kind(s) of intermolecular interactions could be involved in the binding between an antibody and…

A: Intermolecular Interactions These are the interaction between 2 different molecules.  They may be -…

Q: What occurs in a cell-mediated immune response? Select all that apply.

A: This form of adaptive immune response is mediated by the T lymphocytes and gives immunity Against…

Q: Based on these data, which of the following proteins (biotin, hygromycin, and streptavidin) can rule…

A:

Q: What functions does complement have in inflammation and cellkilling?

A: Ans: Complement: The complement or complement factor are the effector molecule or are the part of…

Q: Immune systems of animals are very complex.  For an animal's immune system to work properly, certain…

A: It is a multiple choice question about animal immune system.

Q: How many types of “foreign molecules” (use the proper term where needed) does each cell recognize?…

A: Antigens can be classified according to their source: Antigens from outside the body Exogenous…

Q: Features of immunoglobulins include all of the following, EXCEPT,      All immunoglobulins'…

A: These are glycoprotein molecules produced by plasma cells. They act as a critical part of immune…

Q: Why would attaching an enediyne- containing molecule to an antibody be an attractive way to treat…

A: Enediynes are organic compounds that contain antitumor antibiotics. It contains two triple bonds and…

Q: How does thrombin catalyze the formation of loose fibrin and help in the activation of factor XIII?

A: In physiology, factor XIII is defined as the "firing stabilizing factor" which is known as zymogen…

Q: Why is type AB considered a universal acceptor of blood from donors? A. Type AB erythrocyte membrane…

A: The plasma membrane of red blood cells (RBCs) or erythrocytes contain many antigens. Based on the…

Q: How is the part of an antibody molecule that interacts with an antigen similar to the active site of…

A: Antibodies are group of molecules generated in the body of an organism when  a foreign particle or…

Q: Why are cytokines important to the immune response?

A: Introduction  A reaction that takes place within an organism with the goal of protecting it from…

Q: Biochemists tend to classify protein structures into four groups: mostly alpha, mostly beta, mixed…

A: Immunoglobulin is a specialized protein that helps in immunity. This is a Y-shaped tetramer…

Q: How is the antibody-antigen complex (immune complex) described or characterized by affinity and…

A: Affinity refers to the strength of a single interaction between an antibody binding site (paratope)…

Q: What do T cell receptors do and tell How many T cell receptors do T cells have?

A: Lymphocytes are the white blood cells, which also act as the main type of immune cell in an…

Q: What two standard amino acids are present in Collagen? Where are the carbohydrate units located in…

A: As there are multiple parts given in one question, the solution to the first three question parts is…

Q: Samantha tells her doctor that she has been feeling jittery and has had trouble falling asleep. She…

A: Autoimmunity is when the adaptive immune system of the body starts making antibodies against self…

Q: Please could you explain how lymphocytes (especially B) can maintain receptors on their surfaces? Is…

A: Cell immunity

Q: Where is the CD4 receptor?  What is it’s role in the immune response? (provide details – innate vs…

A: The human immune system is made up of the ancient innate immune system that originated from…

Q: Certain antibodies bind solely to the folded structure of their target protein ligand, whereas…

A: The innate and adaptive immunity: The antibody possesses two structural components called paratopes…

Q: What are effector mechanisms of immunity?

A: The immune system has many types of cells and signaling molecules. The cells of the immune system…

Q: What are the 6 characteristics of inflammation? Which of these 6 characteristics are signs and which…

A: Introduction:- Inflammation is a reaction to harm to living tissues. The inflammatory response is a…

Q: Match the following terms to the definition that best fits each. Solution outside of a body has a…

A: "Since you have posted a question with multiple sub-parts,we will solve first three sub-parts.To get…

Q: What occurs in an antibody-mediated response? Select all that apply.

A: Answer: ANTIBODY-MEDIATED RESPONSE is also known as humoral response in body , in which by the help…

Q: Describe some intracellular host macromolecules that may be bound by steroid molecules to prevent an…

A: A biological system called the immune system is in charge of identifying and eliminating foreign…

Q: What are cytokines? How do cytokines promote inflammation?

A: Introduction  The process of inflammation is how your body's white blood cells and the substances…