What does it mean if two samples are significantly different from each other? What does it mean if they are not significantly different? -Economists say women make less than men in the United States by a wide margin. Do we find the same thing? What about income differences between White and Black Americans in the U.S.? How does our data fit with our understanding of pay discrepancies?

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-What does it mean if two samples are significantly different from each other? What does it mean if they are not significantly different?

-Economists say women make less than men in the United States by a wide margin. Do we find the same thing? What about income differences between White and Black Americans in the U.S.? How does our data fit with our understanding of pay discrepancies?

in reference to t tests

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Group Statistics
RESPONDENTS
Std. Error
GENDER
N
Mean
Std. Deviation
Mean
Respondent Household
Income (in $)
M
476
32372.37
23710.038
1086.748
W
507
20793.89
15915.295
706.823
Independent Samples Test
Levene's Test for Equality of
Variances
t-test for Equality of Means
95% Confidence Interval of the
Difference
Mean
Std. Error
F
Sig.
df
Sig. (2-tailed)
Difference
Difference
Lower
Upper
Respondent Household
Income (in $)
Equal variances
54.564
.000
9.039
981
.000
11578.488
1280.978
9064.717
14092.260
assumed
Equal variances not
8.931
823.531
.000
11578.488
1296.387
9033.876
14123.100
assumed
Independent Samples Effect Sizes
95% Confidence Interval
Point
Standardizer
Estimate
Lower
Upper
Respondent Household
Income (in $)
Cohen's d
20071.150
.577
.449
.704
Hedges'correction
20086.511
.576
.449
.704
Glass's delta
15915.295
.728
.594
.860
a. The denominator used in estimating the effect sizes.
Cohen's d uses the pooled standard deviation.
Hedges' correction uses the pooled standard deviation, plus a correction factor.
Glass's delta uses the sample standard deviation of the control group.
Transcribed Image Text:Group Statistics RESPONDENTS Std. Error GENDER N Mean Std. Deviation Mean Respondent Household Income (in $) M 476 32372.37 23710.038 1086.748 W 507 20793.89 15915.295 706.823 Independent Samples Test Levene's Test for Equality of Variances t-test for Equality of Means 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference Mean Std. Error F Sig. df Sig. (2-tailed) Difference Difference Lower Upper Respondent Household Income (in $) Equal variances 54.564 .000 9.039 981 .000 11578.488 1280.978 9064.717 14092.260 assumed Equal variances not 8.931 823.531 .000 11578.488 1296.387 9033.876 14123.100 assumed Independent Samples Effect Sizes 95% Confidence Interval Point Standardizer Estimate Lower Upper Respondent Household Income (in $) Cohen's d 20071.150 .577 .449 .704 Hedges'correction 20086.511 .576 .449 .704 Glass's delta 15915.295 .728 .594 .860 a. The denominator used in estimating the effect sizes. Cohen's d uses the pooled standard deviation. Hedges' correction uses the pooled standard deviation, plus a correction factor. Glass's delta uses the sample standard deviation of the control group.
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