We talked in one of our first lectures about how we began to understand the potentiation of an action potential down an axon by stimulating and recording electrical changes in a giant squid neuron. Which neuroscience method enabled that discovery? Immunohistochemistry Electrophysiology Transgenic mouse lines Chemogenetics

Q: The mammalian immune response includes both innate-response mechanisms and adap- tive-response…

A: Introduction Innate immunity is the non specific type of defense, which develops quickly and…

Q: E. coli can cause various infections and food poisoning. How can people protect themselves from…

A: Probiotics are the good, live bacteria and yeast that are supplied through drink to humans. It helps…

Q: What is true of cell signaling? Extracellular signals transduced by receptors always alter cell…

A: The cells receive signals from their external environment, which alters the cell's activity and…

Q: Would you predict that TLR-XX is able to recognize other types of Gram-negative bacteria, in…

A: TLRs are pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that play an important role in the recognition of…

Q: During phototransduction, the molecular processing in retinal rods under light activates mechanism…

A: Cells become polarized through a process called polarization, which involves the localization of…

Q: how HPV was used to cure cancer? a. The HPV induced a type IV hypersensitivity immune response b.…

A: Human papiloma vaccine used in prophylaxis of cervical cancer

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A: Hedgehog proteins are signaling molecules that play a crucial role in embryonic development. They…

Q: Can you elaborate on how it works at a cellular level?

A: Cyclobenzaprine is a muscle relaxant used in spasms, pain, stiffness, sprains and strains  in the…

Q: Which of the following signal transduction pathways is most commonly associated with the…

A: The binding of extracellular signaling molecules and ligands to receptors on the cell surface or…

Q: Look at how different organisations are involved in limiting COVID-19. Choose a local, national and…

A: COVID-19 is caused by infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus…

Q: Insulin is a peptide hormone produced by the pancreas. Even though it circulates throughout the…

A: Cell is the smallest structural and, functional unit of life. It is simple machinery that houses all…

Q: What is a provirus?

A: Provirus is a viral genome that is integrated in to genetic material of host cell which replicates…

Q: How does quorum sensing make some bacteria more likely to cause disease? Quorum sensing disrupts the…

A: Quorum Sensing -- This system uses two things density and population . Density -- Matter amount is…

Q: What occurs in a cell-mediated immune response? Select all that apply.

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Q: The discovery of HIV virus was a race between two groups of scientists. Do you think the scientistic…

A: Françoise Barré-Sinoussi and Luc Montagnier identified the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that…

Q: Which of the following is true of DAG? The DAG pathway allows Ca++/Calmodulin-dependent kinases to…

A: DAG IP3 Pathways The DAG-IP3 is an intracellular signalling pathway. IP3 (Inositol phosphate) and…

Q: Which of the following statements about quorum sensing are true? Choose the best answer only. Quorum…

A: The qurum sensing is a very important signal in pathway in bacteria that helps in communication…

Q: From: "Towards a universal flu vaccine" the flu vaccine includes antigens from two strains of…

A: The flu, also known as influenza, is an infectious respiratory ailment. It spreads by contact and…

Q: Immune systems of animals are very complex.  For an animal's immune system to work properly, certain…

A: It is a multiple choice question about animal immune system.

Q: The interleukin-2 (IL-2) growth factor interacts with receptors on     embryonic cells.…

A: Interleukin-2 is a cytokine that serves as a signaling molecule in the immune response This protein…

Q: There is only one correct answer.

A: While: Milk proteins inhibit TRPV1 receptors: This is incorrect because the primary reason milk…

Q: Science of Curiosity a. Signals released by one cell type can travel long distances to target cells…

A: The sign transmission of the sensory system is quick since neurons are interconnected, yet the…

Q: You are a physician treating a patient with an immune deficiency (ie, an immune system that is not…

A: The immune system defends the body from germs and other dangers. However, sometimes it does not work…

Q: Bacteriophage is added to a culture of human T cells and none of the human T cells were infected by…

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Q: Cure for Beriberi In 1887, a strange nerve disease attacked the people in the Dutch East Indies.…

A: Observations: The victims showed the following symptoms; weakness and loss of appetite. Moreover…

Q: Describe how the GPCR and MAPK pathways 'cross-talk' or interact with each other. Give support for…

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Q: Your group is a team of transplantation doctors who are treating a patient who received a kidney…

A: We are a team of transplant physicians caring for a patient who has had a kidney transplant. To try…

Q: What is the reason some normal cells fail to respond to chemical stimuli? chemical signals are only…

A: The binding of specific ligand molecule with the specific receptor on or in the cells ultimately…

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Q: Question 10 What is the cause of Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease? O A virus causes VCJD. O A…

A: Creutzfeldt Jacob disease is a rare and fatal disease which affects the brain.It results in damage…

Learning and memory

Learning is defined as a relatively permanent and irreversible adaptive change in behavior. It always results from experience. The ability of an organism to store and recall the effects, sensations, and knowledge gained through learning and experience is called memory.