Water flows through a circular pipe with a 180° elbow and exits to the atmosphere through a nozzle as shown in the figure. The diameter of the pipe is 300mm and the diameter of the nozzle exit is 160mm. The density of water is 1000kg/m3.  The pressure gauge at the front of the pipe (section 1) reads 60kPa. Find the force of the upper, middle and lower bolts at the flange joint at section 1 position. Assuming that four bolts are installed at the up, down, front and back, the cross-center distance of the four bolts is 150mm and the weight of the elbow and the water is 100N. Z1 is 0.3 m.

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Fluid Dynamics

The study of the flow of gases and liquids, usually in and around solid surfaces, is known as fluid dynamics in physics and engineering. Fluid dynamics, for example, can be used to evaluate the movement of air through an airplane wing or the surface of a vehicle. It can also be used in ship design to increase the speed at which ships pass through water.