Water defined by the following analysis is to be softened by excess lime treatment in a two- stage system: HCO; = 150 mg/L as CaCOs so = 120 mg/L Cl=71 mg/L CO2 = 4.5 mg/L Ca+ = 64 mg/L Mg = 37 mg/L Na* = 29 mg/L The plant is to treats a flowrate of 20,000 m/day. The practical limits of removal can be assumed to be 30 mg/L of CaCO3 and 10 mg/L of Mg(OH)2 expressed as CACO3. Assume excess lime of 35 mg/L CaO. Find the following:

Water defined by the following analysis is to be softened by excess lime treatment in a two- stage system: HCO; = 150 mg/L as CaCOs so = 120 mg/L Cl=71 mg/L CO2 = 4.5 mg/L Ca+ = 64 mg/L Mg = 37 mg/L Na* = 29 mg/L The plant is to treats a flowrate of 20,000 m/day. The practical limits of removal can be assumed to be 30 mg/L of CaCO3 and 10 mg/L of Mg(OH)2 expressed as CACO3. Assume excess lime of 35 mg/L CaO. Find the following:

Fundamentals of Geotechnical Engineering (MindTap Course List)

5th Edition

ISBN:9781305635180

Author:Braja M. Das, Nagaratnam Sivakugan

Publisher:Braja M. Das, Nagaratnam Sivakugan

Chapter3: Weight-volume Relationships And Plasticity

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 3.1P

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Concept explainers

Types of Cement

Cement is a fine mixture of limestone, chalk, or marl and clay which when mixed with water, becomes compacted due to the formation of strong molecular bonds. Due to hydration, cement turns into a hard mass when left for a sufficient amount of time upon mixing with water. The water turns the cement compounds into gel-like submicroscopic particles having higher surface areas. It is due to the hydration properties of cement, they are often known as hydraulic cement. For instance, Portland cement is a popular example in this category.

Question

Water defined by the following analysis is to be softened by excess lime treatment in a two-
stage system:
HCO; = 150 mg/L as CaCO;
so = 120 mg/L
Cl= 71 mg/L
CO2 = 4.5 mg/L
Ca2+ = 64 mg/L
Mg²* = 37 mg/L
Na = 29 mg/L
The plant is to treats a flowrate of 20,000 m³/day. The practical limits of removal can be
assumed to be 30 mg/L of CaCO3 and 10 mg/L of Mg(OH)2 expressed as CaCO3. Assume
excess lime of 35 mg/L CaO. Find the following:
a) Sketch the meq/L bar graph.
b) Calculate the quantity of softening chemicals required in kg/day
c) Calculate the sludge quantity produced in kg/day.

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