VB Theory Practice: 1. What is the molecular shape around the S atom? tetrahedral A. B. Trigonal planar C. Trigonal pyramidal D. Bent H₂C O=2. :00 [Q] FI wwwww N ÖH H 2. What is the hybridization of the S atom? 4. What is the hybridization of the indicated C atom? A BUD A. sp B. sp² sp³ D. sp³d 3. What would you expect the bond angle to be around the S atom? A. sp B. sp² C. sp³ D. sp³d 5. How many л bonds are present in this molecule? A. 2 A. Greater than 109.5° B. 109.50 C. Less than 109.5° D. 180º ABCD C. 34 D. 14

VB Theory Practice: 1. What is the molecular shape around the S atom? tetrahedral A. B. Trigonal planar C. Trigonal pyramidal D. Bent H₂C O=2. :00 [Q] FI wwwww N ÖH H 2. What is the hybridization of the S atom? 4. What is the hybridization of the indicated C atom? A BUD A. sp B. sp² sp³ D. sp³d 3. What would you expect the bond angle to be around the S atom? A. sp B. sp² C. sp³ D. sp³d 5. How many л bonds are present in this molecule? A. 2 A. Greater than 109.5° B. 109.50 C. Less than 109.5° D. 180º ABCD C. 34 D. 14

Chemistry: Principles and Reactions

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Chapter7: Covalent Bonding

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 69QAP: Consider acetyl salicylic acid, better known as aspirin. Its structure is (a) How many sigma and pi...

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What hybridization is required for central atoms that have a tetrahedral arrangement of electron pairs? A trigonal planar arrangement of electron pairs? A linear arrangement of e lectron pairs? How many unhybridized p atomic orbitals are present when a central atom exhibits tetrahedral geometry? Trigonal planar geometry? Linear geometry? What are the unhybridized p atomic orbitals used for? Describe the bonding in H2S, CH4, H2CO, and HCN, using the localized electron model.
Do lone pairs about a central atom affect the hybridization of the central atom? If so, how?
Minoxidil (C9H15N15O) is a compound produced by the Pharmacia Upjohn Company that has been approved as a treatment for some types of male pattern baldness. Note that in such shorthand ring structures, each point where lines meet is a carbon atom and that the hydrogen atoms bonded to the carbon atoms in the rings have been omitted. There will be four bonds to each carbon atom. a. Give the hybridization of the five nitrogen atoms in minoxidil. b. Give the hybridization of each of the nine carbon atoms in minoxidil. c. Give the approximate values for the bond angles marked a, b, c, d, e, and f. d. Including all the hydrogen atoms, how many bonds exist in minoxidil? e. How many bonds exist in minoxidil?
2. Which of the following is incorrect? The hybridization of N in NH4+ is sp3. The hybridization of S in SO42− is sp3. The hybridization of N in NO2− is sp3 The hybridization of O in H3O+ is sp3.
The organic compound below is a member of a class known as oximes. (a) What are the hybridizations of the two C atoms and of the N atom? (b) What is the approximate CNO angle?
Which of the following molecules or ions are para-magnetic? What is the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) in each one? Assume the molecular orbital diagram in Figure 9.16 applies to all of them. (a) NO (b) OF (c) O22 (d) Ne2+
The molecular orbital diagram of NO shown in Figure 10.47 also applies to the following species. Write the molecular orbital electron configuration of each, indicating the bond order and the number of unpaired electrons. (a) CN (b) CO (c) BeB (d) BC+ Figure 10.47 Molecular orbital diagram for nitric oxide (NO). The molecular orbital diagram for NO predicts a bond order of 2.5 and predicts that the molecule is paramagnetic with one unpaired electron. These predictions are verified by experimental measurements.
Numerous molecules are detected in deep space. Three of them are illustrated here. (a) Are these compounds isomers? (b) Indicate the hybridization of each C atom in each molecule. (c) What is the value of the HCH angle in each of the three molecules? (d) Which of these molecules is/are polar? (e) Which molecule should have the strongest carbon-carbon bond? The strongest carbon-oxygen bond?
7.59 What type of hybrid orbital is generated by combining the valence s orbital and all three valence p orbitals of an atom? How many hybrid orbitals result?
Predict the valence electron molecular orbital configurations for the following, and state whether they will be stable or unstable ions. (a) Na,2+ (b) Mg,2 (c) AI,2 (d) Si,2 (e) p2+ (f) s,2 (g) F,2 (h) Ar,2 40. Predict the valence electron molecular orbital configurations for the following, and state whether they will be stable or unstable ions. (a) Na22+ (b) Mg22+ (c) Al22+ (d) Si22+ (e) P22+ (f) S22+ (g) F22+ (h) Ar22+
What is the hybridization of nitrogen in dimethylamine? (a) sp3 (b) sp2 (c) sp (d) nitrogen is not hybridized
Allene (1,2-propadicne), a gas, has the following structure: What is the hybridization at each carbon atom? What is the geometry about each carbon atom? Using valencebond theory, describe the bonding about the center carbon atom. 1,3-dichloroallene is a derivative of allene with the following structure: Is this a polar molecule? (If you have difficulty visualizing the structure of this molecule, you might build a molecular model of it.)

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