Uveal melanoma although rare, is the most common intraocular malignancy in adults. i) Considering eye anatomy, what three components are collectively known as the 'Uvea'? ii) Most uveal melanomas exhibit a relatively low degree of genomic instability and aneuploidy compared to many other cancer types. However, there are common chromosome abnormalities. Briefly describe what these are in terms of chromosome loss and gain.

Q: directly to DNA and plays a critical role in determining whether the DNA will be repaired or the…

A: p53 Mutations are a Frequent Event in Cancer:--The evolution in a normal cell producing cancerous…

Q: d. a homozygous mutation that completely eliminates the coding region of a tumor suppressor gene e.…

A: Cancer is defined as a serious medical concern marked by uncontrolled cell divisions that result in…

Q: Briefly summarize the conventional wisdom (DNA mutation theory) of the cause of cancer. Discuss the…

A: It  proposes that successive DNA mutations in a single cell cause cancer (monoclonality). This…

Q: D. What is the best term for a normal INK gene? (tumor suppressor) (inactive tumor suppressor)…

A: Tumor-suppressor genes are those genes which do not allow the cell to grow rapidly and in an…

Q: The Bcl-2 protein was initially discovered via its ability to contribute to progression of B-cells…

A: Cancer is a disease caused by abnormal cell division.

Q: What are the genomic alterations,general mechanisms that lead Cancer?

A: Genomic alterations refer to changes in the DNA sequence that make up the genome of an organism.…

Q: What challenges could be foresee in attaining the goal or outcomes of cancer?

A: The objective of this question is to identify and discuss the potential challenges that could be…

Q: List and define the two general types of tumor.

A: KEY WORDS :- Tumor - It is a cancerous mass or lump caused by abnormal division of cells. It can be…

Q: What is meant by the "two-hit" model of cancer development? Describe this theory in detail and…

A: Two-hit hypothesis : The "two-hit" hypothesis or model was first proposed by geneticist Alfred…

Q: manifestations in the event that the BRCA1 tumor suppressor gene accumulates mutations.

A: the cancer cell produces abnormal protein and their uncontrolled growth will lead to formation of…

Q: explain and analyse each gene mutaition  in the CIN, MSI, CIMP pathways and what are the causes of…

A: Colorectal cancers develops via an ordered series of events that initiates with the transformation…

Q: What are the normal functions of the BRCA1 tumor suppressor gene?

A: The BRCA1 gene codes for the protein that causes breast cancer type 1. BRCA1 is a human tumour…

Q: The development of colon cancer is particularly well- studied, and often has a predictable order of…

A: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the 1/3 most frequent cancer in men and the 2nd most frequent cancer in…

Q: Explain how mutations in tumor-suppressor genes can be recessive at the level of the cell but cause…

A: A tumor suppressor gene is normally a cellular gene that regulates the cell proliferation or DNA…

Q: What significance do BRCA1 and BRCA2 have in regard to developing cancer, and what types of cancer…

A: BRCA 1 & BRCA 2 are found pair in all the organisms where one gene is obtained from each of the…

Q: Which genetic cancer predisposition syndrome is caused by germ-line mutations in the p53 gene and is…

A: P53 is the tumor suppressor protein (TP53 in humans) which is also described as the guardian of the…

Q: Explain why mutations in tumor suppressor genes are recessive (both copies of the gene must be…

A: Mutation in an organism is defined as a permanent alteration of “nucleotide sequences”. The…

Q: List the environmental carcinogens that are known to play a role in thedevelopment of cancer.

A: Cancer is a developing plague that influences a large number of individuals consistently. Cancer is…

Q: Name the six fundamental properties of malignant tumours. Which of these properties are amenable to…

A: Malignant cells grow uncontrollably, invading nearby tissues and spreading to other parts of the…

Q: Explain how chromosome deletions, inversions, and translocations cancause cancer.

A: Cancer is a disease which is caused by the uncontrolled growth of the cells, without regulation of…

Q: Answer the following multiple-choice questions about cancer-promoting mutations. A gene whose…

A: Cancer cells by definition, proliferate in defiance of normal controls and are able to invade and…

Q: Which of the following represents the correct order of steps leading to the development of malignant…

A: In cancer, cells grow abnormally. Cancer is not one disease. It is a group of diseases. The…

Q: Explain why a vaccine can prevent cervical cancer.

A: Cells are the basic structural and functional unit of all known organisms as they are essential for…

Q: Tissues and differentiation: a) Explain what is meant by determination and differentiation b)…

A: In biology, the process of determination is related to the process in which embryonic stem cells…

Q: Describe the differences between point mutations, chromosomal translocations, and gene amplification…

A: Cancer is a disease that is associated with the uncontrolled division of cells and invasion of…

Q: Explain what it means when the developmental steps for cancer are “not obligatory” and give one…

A: Cancer is uncontrolled cell division and growth of cells. These tumors eventually start invading…

Q: Describe how mutations in genome maintenance factors promote tumorigenesis. Why would inactivation…

A: The cells are basic units of life. When any mutation in the gene takes place due to any radiation or…

Q: explain the similarities  between benign and malignant tumors?

A: Cancer is uncontrolled, abnormal excessive  division of cells. Differences  Benign tumour  1. Slow…

Q: How does the multistep model of cancer explain the observation that sporadic cases of retinoblastoma…

A: Disease is a sickness or illness characterized by specific symptoms and signs. Cancer is a…

Q: Enumerate, describe the principles and clinically significant results of other serologic tests for…

A: Neoplasm or tumor is a type of abnormal growth of tissue caused by rapid cell division. It is of…

Q: Describe the underlying causes of epigenetic changes associated with cancer.

A: DNA is the genetic material in most living organisms. It is the information hub of the cell that…

Q: Explain why each of the following is a risk factor for cancer:  age, loss-of-function mutations in…

A: Cancer is an abnormal or uncontrolled cell division that occurs as a result of mutation.…

Q: In 2010, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services added alcoholic beverages to its list of…

A: Cancer refers to  large number of diseases that are characterized by the development of abnormal…

Q: What is the differnce between benign and malignant

A: A mass of tissues which is formed due do accumulation of abnormal cells is known as tumor. In normal…

Q: Under what circumstances is cancer considered to have ahereditary component?

A: The abnormal growth of cells that leads to deleterious effects in the body is referred to as cancer.…

Q: xplain the molecular mechanisms of cancers caused by a P53 gene mutation.

A: cancer may be a disease during which a number of the body’s cells grow uncontrollably and spread to…

Q: What are the underlying biological mechanisms that differentiate the various types of cancer, and…

A: Cancer is a complex group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of…