Use the following information to set up a 2 x 2 table and calculate appropriate measure of association. The following are the results from a population-based study to investigate whether high fat consumption is a risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD): A total of 450 patients were selected from various hospitals and a to

Use the following information to set up a 2 x 2 table and calculate appropriate measure of association. The following are the results from a population-based study to investigate whether high fat consumption is a risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD): A total of 450 patients were selected from various hospitals and a to

A First Course in Probability (10th Edition)

10th Edition

ISBN:9780134753119

Author:Sheldon Ross

Publisher:Sheldon Ross

Chapter1: Combinatorial Analysis

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1.1P: a. How many different 7-place license plates are possible if the first 2 places are for letters and...

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A researcher is interested in exploring the relationship between calcium intake and weight loss. Two different groups, each with 2626 dieters, are chosen for the study. Group A is required to follow a specific diet and exercise regimen, and also take a 500-mg supplement of calcium each day. Group B is required to follow the same diet and exercise regimen, but with no supplemental calcium. After six months on the program, the members of Group A had lost a mean of 10.4 pounds with a standard deviation of 2.6 pounds. The members of Group B had lost a mean of 11.7pounds with a standard deviation of 2.8 pounds during the same time period. Assume that the population variances are not the same. Construct a 99% confidence interval to estimate the true difference between the mean amounts of weight lost by dieters who supplement with calcium and those who do not. Let Population 1 be the amount of weight lost by Group A, who took a 500-mg supplement of calcium each day, and let Population 2 be…
For which of the following would it be most appropriate to use an ANOVA to analyze the data? A researcher is interested in determining the most effective format for advertising. He randomly assigns 60 people to one of three groups: (1) television commercial, (2) radio commercial, or (3) magazine advertisement. Group members review the commercial and then report whether or not they would buy the product. In order to determine the effectiveness of different diet plans, 90 people are randomly assigned to one of three groups: (1) low calorie diet, (2) low-fat diet, or (3) low-carb diet. At the end of 60 days, the number of pounds lost was recorded for each of the participants. Both A and B. Neither A nor B.
Tourism is extremely important to the economy of Florida. Hotel occupancy is an often-reported measure of visitor volume and visitor activity (Orlando Sentinel, May 19, 2018). Hotel occupancy data for February in two consecutive years are as follows. Current Year 1,476 1,800 Occupied Rooms Total Rooms 1,422 1,800 a. Formulate the hypothesis test that can be used to determine whether there has been an increase in the proportion of rooms occupied over the one-year period. Let P₁= population proportion of rooms occupied for current year P2 population proportion of rooms occupied for previous year - P2 less than or equal to 0 greater than 0 Ho P1 Ha P1 P2 b. What is the estimated proportion of hotel rooms occupied each year (to 2 decimals)? Current year .80 X Previous Year .77 c. Conduct a hypothesis test. What is the p-value (to 4 decimals)? Use Table 1 from Appendix B. Previous Year p-value = 0.0166 Using a 0.05 level of significance, what is your conclusion? We can conclude that there…
The following is data about the hemoglobin concentrations of volunteers collected at sea level and at an altitude of 11000 feet. sea level concentrations = [14.70 , 15.22, 15.28, 16.58, 15.10 , 15.66, 15.91, 14.41, 14.73, 15.09, 15.62, 14.92]11000 feet concentrations = [14.81, 15.68, 15.57, 16.59, 15.21, 15.69, 16.16, 14.68, 15.09, 15.30 , 16.15, 14.76] There are two alternative scenarios about the way the data were obtained. In scenario 1, there are 12 volunteers who lived for a month at sea level, at which time blood was drawn and the data in "sea level concentrations" dataset were obtained. Subsequently, all 12 volunteers were moved to 11000 ft and after a month the data in the "11000 feet concentrations" dataset obtained. There is a one to one correspondence between the numbers in the two datasets, that is the first numbers correspond to volunteer1, the second numbers to volunteer2 etc. In scenario 2, the "sea level concentrations" dataset is a random sample obtained from 12…
2) Consider the following data from a hypothetical case control study examining the relationship between tanning bed use in young adulthood and risk of melanoma Cases 688 196 History of Tanning Bed Use Yes No Controls 288 864 a) Name the appropriate measure of association for estimating the relative risk of melanoma, comparing tanning bed users (exposed) to nonusers (reference category). Calculate this measure and provide a brief interpretation of your answer b) Assume that this relationship is causal. Among young people who use tanning beds, what proportion of melanoma risk could be eliminated by banning tanning bed use in young adults? c) If 4% of all young adults use tanning beds, what proportion of melanoma risk could be eliminated from the overall general population by banning the use of tanning beds in young adults?
Consider the following research questions/study scenarios. For each study, discuss the most appropriate methods for describing the data (graphically and numerically). What statistical method would be most appropriate for addressing the research questions? Be sure to provide a justification of the statistical method. What statistical test is needed, provide appropriate null and research hypotheses. An investigation of the association between drink preferences and the color of teeth is proposed. Subjects will be surveyed as to the type of drink most often consumed (coffee/tea. Juice, caramel-colored soda, water, or milk). A clinical exam will be performed after dental cleaning to determine the color of the teeth (reddish brown, reddish yellow, gray, reddish gray).
Students at a major university in Southern California are complaining about a serious housing crunch. They are stating that many of the university's students have to commute too far to school because there is not enough housing near campus. The university officials' response is to perform a study. The study, reported in the school newspaper, contains the following histogram summarizing the commute distances for a sample of 100 students at the university. Relative frequency 0.3+ 0.2- 0.1+ 0.0 0 0.24 4 0.26 0.18 0.14 8 12 16 Commute distance (in miles) X 0.12 20 0.06 24 Based on the histogram, find the proportion of commute distances in the sample that are greater than or equal to 20 miles. Write your answer as a decimal, and do not round your answer.
Question 2 Use the following information to set up a 2 x 2 table and calculate appropriate measure of association. The following are the results from a population-based study to investigate whether high fat consumption is a risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD): A total of 450 patients were selected from various hospitals and a total of 702 participants without CHD matched by age and sex were selected from the neighborhood where patient lived. A total of 405 CHD patients and 324 controls reported eating fatty food and the remaining reported normal diet. c) What is the exposure of interest?
The following is data about the hemoglobin concentrations of volunteers collected at sea level and at an altitude of 11000 feet. sea level concentrations = [14.70 , 15.22, 15.28, 16.58, 15.10 , 15.66, 15.91, 14.41, 14.73, 15.09, 15.62, 14.92]11000 feet concentrations = [14.81, 15.68, 15.57, 16.59, 15.21, 15.69, 16.16, 14.68, 15.09, 15.30 , 16.15, 14.76] There are two alternative scenarios about the way the data were obtained. In scenario 1, there are 12 volunteers who lived for a month at sea level, at which time blood was drawn and the data in "sea level concentrations" dataset were obtained. Subsequently, all 12 volunteers were moved to 11000 ft and after a month the data in the "11000 feet concentrations" dataset obtained. There is a one to one correspondence between the numbers in the two datasets, that is the first numbers correspond to volunteer1, the second numbers to volunteer2 etc. In scenario 2, the "sea level concentrations" dataset is a random sample obtained from 12…
local cabinet shop wants to determine the effect of adhesive brands on thebonding of veneer to the side of cabinets. Four different brands of adhesive wereapplied to glue veneer to random samples of cabinet ends. The treatments wereidentical except for the brand of adhesive. Which of the following is thedependent variable in this study? A. brands of adhesive B. bonding veneer C. cabinet ends D. four different brands
Tourism is extremely important to the economy of Florida. Hotel occupancy is an often-reported measure of visitor volume and visitor activity (Orlando Sentinel, May 19, 2018). Hotel occupancy data for February in two consecutive years are as follows. Current Year Previous Year Occupied Rooms 1,360 1,386 Total Rooms 1,700 1,800 a. Formulate the hypothesis test that can be used to determine whether there has been an increase in the proportion of rooms occupied over the one-year period. Let pi = population proportion of rooms occupied for current year Pa= population proportion of rooms occupied for previous year Ho : Pi - Pa H.: Pi - P2 Select your answer Select your answer b. What is the estimated proportion of hotel rooms occupied each year (to 2 decimals)? Current year Previous Year c. Conduct a hypothesis test. What is the p-value (to 4 decimals)? Use Table 1 from Appendix B. p-value - Using a 0.05 level of significance, what is your conclusion? We Select your answer- vthat there has…
A team of epidemiologists at the Mayo Clinic wanted to find whether there is an association between obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD). They conducted a prospective cohort study following obese and non-obese individuals who were free of CVD at the beginning of study for five years. The investigators were also interested in assessing age as a potential confounder, effect modifier, or both. Use the data below to answer the accompanying questions. CVD No CVD Total Obese 10 90 100 Not Obese 35 465 500 Total 45 555 600 CVD No CVD Total Obese 36 164 200 Not Obese 25 175 200 Total 61 339 400 1. Compute the appropriate measure of association for those who were less than age 50. 2. Compute the appropriate measure of association for those who were older or equal to age 50. 3. Compute the crude measure of association? 4. List three attributes that age must satisfy before it could…