Two skaters - a small girl and a large boy - are initially standing face-to-face but then push off each other. After they are no longer touching, the girl has more kinetic energy than the boy. Three physics students make the following contentions about the forces the boy and girl exerted on each other: Ariana: "/ think the boy pushed harder on the girl because he is bigger, so she ended up with more kinetic energy than he did." Borris: "I disagree. They pushed equally hard on each other, but the girl moved farther while they were pushing on each other, so she ended up with more kinetic energy." Carmen: "/ think the girl had to push harder to get the boy moving since he is bigger, but that caused her to accelerate more as she recoiled." Which, if any of these students do you agree with? Please make sure to fully explain your reasoning.

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Helmholtz Free Energy

The Helmholtz free energy is a thermodynamic potential used to calculate the measure of useful work from a closed system. This system is kept at constant temperature and volume. German physicist Hermann Helmholtz introduced this concept in 1882.