Trichothiodystrophy is a human inherited disorder characterized by premature aging, including osteoporosis, osteosclerosis, early graying, infertility, and reduced life span. The results of studies showed that the mutation that causes this disorder occurs in a gene that encodes a DNA helicase. Propose a mechanism for how a mutation in a DNA helicase might cause premature aging. Be sure to relate the symptoms of the disorder to possible functions of the helicase enzyme.

Q: You are studying a large eukaryotic gene that is 439,515 base pairs long. You find the polypeptide…

A: As proteins are polymers of amino acids, the chemical composition of the amino acid side chains and…

Q: E. How many nucleotides would be required to generate a polypeptide that is 15 amino acids long?…

A: The genetic code is a sequence of three-letter combinations of nucleotides called codons, each…

Q: A geneticist is interested in determining the locations of methylated cytosines within a fragment of…

A: A geneticist is a person who analyze the genomic profiling expression and the pedigree analysis of a…

Q: Given the following Wild Type and Mutated DNA sequences: 1.) Identify where the base pair change…

A: Mutations are the abrupt changes in the DNA sequences due to wrong reading of the DNA polymerase…

Q: The DNA of a skin sell and a muscle cell are identical. But the skin cell may contain the proteins…

A: DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) is a double helical structure present in nucleus of a cell and contains…

Q: mitochondrial genes affecting tRNAs. For example, one form of MELAS (mitochondrial myopathy,…

A: Mitochondrial diseases ( MELAS) are a heterogeneous group of rare genetic disease  it is caused…

Q: Insulin is a peptide hormone encoded by the INS gene, which is on chromosome 11. Insulin is produced…

A: The hormone insulin is required by the body to reduce the level of blood glucose. The pancreatic…

Q: Consider a stretch of DNA (a hypothetical gene) that has the sequence 5’ ATG-CTA-TCA-TGG-TTC-TAA 3’…

A: Gene is the basic unit of heredity. All living organisms contain nucleic acid in their nucleus as…

Q: Some antibiotics, such as rifampin, interfere with the function of RNA polymerase. What biological…

A: Antibiotic is a substance released by any microorganism against other microorganism. These…

Q: Some molecules found in foods are known to be capable ofdriving DNA methylation or DNA…

A: Epigenetics means external modifications to a gene’s DNA which outcomes in alterations in gene…

Q: polypeptide has the following amino acid sequence: Met-Ser-Pro-Arg-Leu-Glu-Gly The amino acid…

A: Wild type sequence : Met Ser Pro Arg Leu Glu Gly    Mutant 1: Met Ser Pro   After pro, the peptide…

Q: It has been noted that most transposons in humans and other organisms are located in noncoding…

A: Transposons: Transposons are also referred to as "jumping genes" in which they have the ability to…

Q: Metabolic syndrome is a genetic disorder with symptoms of hypertension. concentrations, and…

A: Metabolic syndrome is a medical condition characterized by a number of health problems, including…

Q: Let’s suppose that a vertebrate organism carries a mutation that causes some cells that normally…

A: DNA is the genetic material in most living organisms. It is the information hub of the cell that…

Q: Would a gain of function mutaion that occurs in the first exon of a gene with twelve exons more…

A: Gain-of-function type of mutation is a mutation in which the altered gene product possesses a new…

Q: Complete the protein synthesis for the partial DNA sequence for a normal FGFR3 gene (TOP) and…

A: FGF3 gene is responsible for producing a protein called fibroblast growth factor 3 which is a part…

Q: In a disorder called gyrate atrophy, cells in the retina begin to degenerate in late adolescence,…

A: Gyrate atrophy, an autosomal recessive disorder, which is characterized by chorioretinal…

Q: Budding yeasts such as S. cerevisiae exhibit telomerase activity throughout their life cycles,…

A: DNA is the genetic material in most living organisms. It is the information hub of the cell that…

Q: Given that there are about 20,000 human genes, how can human cells make 75,00o-100,000 different…

A: Given questions: How human cells make different proteins Difference between missense and nonsense.…

Q: The genetic code is thought to have evolved to maximize genetic stability by minimizing the effect…

A: Mutation is the alteration in the genome sequence. It can occur in the genetic code of eukaryotes,…

Q: Human wildtype and mutant alleles are identical in sequence except for a single base-pair…

A: A mutation is any change in the DNA sequence of a cell. It may alter one or a few base pairs or…

Q: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited disorder caused by different types of mutations, many of which…

A: CF is caused by a mutation in a gene called the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator…

Q: Insulin is synthesized as preproinsulin, which has 81 amino acids. How many heterocyclic bases must…

A: Insulin is synthesized from preproinsulin. The preprotein is then cleaved by a proteolytic enzyme to…

Q: The cells of many eukaryotic organisms have highly specialized systems that specifically repair G-T…

A: Introduction  A DNA error known as a DNA mismatch (MM) occurs when two non-complementary bases line…

Q: Listed below are five amino acids. Use the genetic code to determine the exact codon for each amino…

A: Transition refers to a point mutation that changes a purine nucleotide to another purine or a…

Q: A polypeptide has the following amino acid sequence: Met-Ser-Pro-Arg-Leu-Glu-Gly The amino acid…

A: Mutation is defined as sudden inheritable change that occurs in the DNA sequence. It may be…

Q: The ethidium bromide added to the agarose gels intercalates within the base pairs of the DNA double…

A: The visualization of DNA refers to the ability to observe and detect the presence of DNA molecules…

Q: Duchenne muscular dystrophy is caused by a mutation in a gene that comprises 2.5 million base pairs…

A: Dystrophin gene the largest known human gene provides instructions for making a protein called…

Q: Histones are proteins that are found to be challenging to investigate and part of an enormous family…

A: Histones/ Histone protein : Histones are a family of basic proteins that associate with DNA in the…

Q: The image below shows the base cytosine and a methylated form of cytosine that occurs frequently in…

A: In the mammalian genome, DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism involving the transfer of a…

Q: Ethanol (CH3-CH2-OH) is miscible in water because it is able to form hydrogen bonds with itself and…

A: Ethanol is a type of organic chemical. Its formula is CH 3CH 2OH or C 2H 5OH, and it is frequently…

Q: The mRNA sequence 5' AUG AAA CAG GGA UAA 3' encodes a particular peptide of interest to your…

A: Gene is the segment of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) that is responsible for heredity and inheritance…

Mitochondrial Mutations

A mitochondrion is a cellular organelle that serves as the site for cellular respiration and energy production (ATP or Adenosine Triphosphate). It is a double-membrane-bound organelle and is only present in eukaryotic cells.