Thyroid hormones are intimately involved in regulating the basal metabolic rate. Liver tissue of animals given excess thyroxine shows an increased rate of O, consumption and increased heat output (thermogenesis), but the ATP concentration in the tissue is normal. Different explanations have been offered for the thermogenic effect of thyroxine. One is that excess thyroxine causes uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria. Which statements explain how excess thyroxine might cause the uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria? Thyroxine stimulates the hypothalamus to release norepinephrine, which uncouples oxidation in adiopcytes. Thyroxine acts as a channel in the inner mitochondrial membrane that allows protons to reenter the mitochondrial matrix. Thyroxine directly uncouples oxidative phosphorylation to lower the P/O ratio. Thyroxine directly inhibits ATP synthase to uncouple / oxidation. Thyroxine stimulates synthesis of the uncoupling protein UCPI.

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