These results show how many cells of each type of yeast showed mating structures after being exposed to three different yeast mating pheromones. For each yeast cell type, a group of 1000 cells were given the Wild Type-created pheromone. Then, another group of 1000 cells were given the Variant 1-created pheromone, and then another group of 1000 cells were given Variant 2-created pheromone. The same concentration of pheromone was given to each group. After 48 hours, the cells were observed. Cells that had differentiated by showing mating structures were counted. A) Identify a signaling molecule from the model presented. Explain how receptors play a role in cell differentiation. B) Identify the dependent variable and two controls the experimenters used when conducting this experiment. C) Evaluate if the number of Variant 1-Type cells with mating projections was significantly different from those of the Wild Type. Use chi-square analysis.
These results show how many cells of each type of yeast showed mating structures after being exposed to three different yeast mating pheromones. For each yeast cell type, a group of 1000 cells were given the Wild Type-created pheromone. Then, another group of 1000 cells were given the Variant 1-created pheromone, and then another group of 1000 cells were given Variant 2-created pheromone. The same concentration of pheromone was given to each group. After 48 hours, the cells were observed. Cells that had differentiated by showing mating structures were counted.
A) Identify a signaling molecule from the model presented. Explain how receptors play a role in cell differentiation.
B) Identify the dependent variable and two controls the experimenters used when conducting this experiment.
C) Evaluate if the number of Variant 1-Type cells with mating projections was significantly different from those of the Wild Type. Use chi-square analysis.
D) Scientists propose that a mutation has occurred that either changed the mating pheromone or receptor site on the Variant 1-Type yeast cells. Predict where the mutation occurred. Justify your prediction with evidence from the experiment and scientific reasoning, based on your knowledge of cell-signaling pathways.
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