firms matter for efficiency? Explain.9. There are three industrial firms in Happy Valley.Cost of ReducingPollution by 1 UnitInitial PollutionFirmLevelA30 units$2040 units$30C20 units$10The government wants to reduce pollution to 60 units,so it gives each firm 20 tradable pollution permits.a. Who sells permits and how many do they sell?Who buys permits and how many do they buy?Briefly explain why the sellers and buyers are eachwilling to do so. What is the total cost of pollutionreduction in this situation?b. How much higher would the costs of pollutionreduction be if the permits could not be traded?Answers

1. Firm B will keep permits because it has the highest cost of reducing pollution so it will buy 20…

Answered: There are three industrial firms in…

There are three industrial firms in Happy Valley. Initial Pollution Cost of Reducing Firm Level Pollution by 1 Unit A 30 units $20 40 units $30 C 20 units $10

ENGR.ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

14th Edition

ISBN:9780190931919

Author:NEWNAN

Publisher:NEWNAN

Chapter1: Making Economics Decisions

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1QTC

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Question

firms matter for efficiency? Explain.
9. There are three industrial firms in Happy Valley.
Cost of Reducing
Pollution by 1 Unit
Initial Pollution
Firm
Level
A
30 units
$20
40 units
$30
C
20 units
$10
The government wants to reduce pollution to 60 units,
so it gives each firm 20 tradable pollution permits.
a. Who sells permits and how many do they sell?
Who buys permits and how many do they buy?
Briefly explain why the sellers and buyers are each
willing to do so. What is the total cost of pollution
reduction in this situation?
b. How much higher would the costs of pollution
reduction be if the permits could not be traded?
Answers

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PRICE (Dollars per ton) 70 63 56 49 42 35 28 + 21 T 14 7 0 Demand +++ 0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360 400 QUANTITY (Millions of tons) Graph Input Tool Daily Demand for Pollution Rights Price (Dollars per ton) Quantity Demanded (Millions of tons) 7 360 Suppose the government has determined that the socially optimal quantity of particulate matter is 120 million tons per day. One way governments can charge firms for pollution rights is by imposing a per-unit tax on emissions. A tax (or price in this case) of $ of particulate matter emitted will achieve the desired level of pollution. ? per ton Now suppose the U.S. government does not know the demand curve for pollution and, therefore, cannot determine the optimal tax to achieve the desired level of pollution. Instead, it auctions off tradable pollution permits. Each permit entitles its owner to emit one ton of particulate matter per day. To achieve the socially optimal quantity of pollution, the government auctions off 120 million…