4 points Marginal Cost to Eliminate (Dollars) First Unit Second Unit Third Unit Fourth Unit Firm A 54 67 82 107 57 68 86 108 54 66 82 107 D 62 73 91 111 The table shows the marginal costs for each of four firms (A, B, C, and D) to eliminate units of pollution from their production processes For example, for Firm A to eliminate one unit of pollution, it would cost $54, and for Firm A to eliminate a second unit of pollution it would cost an additional If the government wanted to reduce pollution from 16 units to exactly 8 units, which of the following fees per unit of pollution would achieve that goal? O 70 O 85 O 87 O 80

4 points Marginal Cost to Eliminate (Dollars) First Unit Second Unit Third Unit Fourth Unit Firm A 54 67 82 107 57 68 86 108 54 66 82 107 D 62 73 91 111 The table shows the marginal costs for each of four firms (A, B, C, and D) to eliminate units of pollution from their production processes For example, for Firm A to eliminate one unit of pollution, it would cost $54, and for Firm A to eliminate a second unit of pollution it would cost an additional If the government wanted to reduce pollution from 16 units to exactly 8 units, which of the following fees per unit of pollution would achieve that goal? O 70 O 85 O 87 O 80

ENGR.ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

14th Edition

ISBN:9780190931919

Author:NEWNAN

Publisher:NEWNAN

Chapter1: Making Economics Decisions

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1QTC

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Table 10-5 The following table shows the marginal costs for each of four firms (A, B, C, and D) to eliminate units of pollution from their production processes. For example, for Firm A to eliminate one unit of pollution, it would cost $54, and for Firm A to eliminate a second unit of pollution it would cost an additional $67. Marginal Cost to Eliminate Firm (Dollars) First Unit Second Unit Third Unit Fourth Unit 54 67 82 107 57 68 86 108 54 66 82 107 D 62 73 91 111 Refer to Table 10-5. Suppose the government wants to reduce pollution from 16 units to 8 units and auctions off 8 pollution permits to achieve this goal. Which of the following is a likely auction price of the permits? S69 wered $85 swer $79 $87 ABC
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6. Consider an industry with three firms. Firm 1's marginal cost of abatement (MCA)=10-E₁, where E is the tons of pollution emitted. Firm 2's MCA-30-2E₂. Firm 3's MCA-30-E3. Please draw a diagram to support your answers to the following questions. If there is no policy to reduce pollution, how much pollution will be emitted by each firm? What will be total pollution? Hint: if there is no policy to reduce pollution, the price to pollute is zero. b. If the government imposes a tax of $10/ton, how much pollution will be emitted by each firm? How much pollution will be emitted in total? C. What will be the total cost of abatement? a. d. If the government imposes a limit on pollution, where the limit is the total amount of pollution you found in part b, and each firm is allowed to pollute an equal amount (i.e., each firm will be allowed to emit one third of the total amount allowed), what will be the total cost of abatement? e. Which policy is more efficient, the tax or the limit on…
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8.1 Suppose we have an agricultural valley 100 km by 50 km, with a polluting electricity power plant. The power plant causes pollution problems in a narrow strip of land downwind of the plant, and within this valley. 10 km in length and 500 m in width, but no problems outside of that area. The total effect of the pollution is to make crop land less productive. If we were to clean up the pollution, would we expect land prices to increase? Where? Would we expect wages to decline? Would the changes in land prices and/or wages fully reflect the benefits of cleaning up the pollution? Why or why not?
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2 The market for education confers positive externalities on society. Which of the following is an example of a positive externality that it provides? Higher quality of public institutions like government and law Subsidies for providing education Higher salary for the person earning a degree More colleges and universities X OOOO W F2 3 16 80 F3 E 888 FA R DE F % V T MacBook Air 6 Y B & 7 H tv NA 2 N 8 K M 0 W Aa zoom 0
There are three industrial firms in a town Firm Initial Pollution Level Cost of Reducing Pollution by 1 Unit A 30 units $20 40 units 20 units B с $30 $10 The government wants to reduce pollution to 60 units, so it gives each firm 20 tradable pollution permits. 1. Who sells permits and how many do they sell? Who buys permits and how many do they buy? Briefly explain why the sellers and buyers are each willing to do so. What is the total cost of pollution reduction in this situation? 2. How much higher would the costs of pollution reduction be if the permits could not be traded?
firms matter for efficiency? Explain. 9. There are three industrial firms in Happy Valley. Initial Pollution Cost of Reducing Firm Level Pollution by 1 Unit A 30 units $20 В 40 units $30 C 20 units $10 The government wants to reduce pollution to 60 units, so it gives each firm 20 tradable pollution permits. a. Who sells permits and how many do they sell? Who buys permits and how many do they buy? Briefly explain why the sellers and buyers are each willing to do so. What is the total cost of pollution reduction in this situation? b. How much higher would the costs of pollution reduction be if the permits could not be traded? Answers
QUESTION 5 Firms A and B each produce 80 units of pollution. The federal government wants to reduce pollution levels. The marginal costs associated with pollution reduction are MCA = 50 + 3QA for firm A and MCg = 20 + 6QB for firm B, where QA and QB are the quantities of pollution reduced by each firm. Society's marginal benefit from pollution reduction is given by MB = 590- 3Qtot where Qtot is the total reduction in pollution. The social optimum requires MB = MCA = MCg. Setting MCA =MCg and solving for QA in terms of QB, we have QA = QB - Setting MCB = MB, plugging in for QA in terms of QB, and solving for QB, 20 + 6QB = 590 - 3Qtot = 590 - 3(QA + QB) = QB. Hint: Type integers.
There are three major ferry lines operating in Vancouver, each generating 100 units of pollution per year. The ferry lines face the costs of reducing pollution that are shown in the table below. Ferry line Cost of reducing pollution by 1 unit A $1,200 B $2,400 C $1,600 a. The BC government has decided it wants to reduce pollution levels by 50 percent and requires each ferry line to cut its pollution in half. Determine the cost of pollution reduction for each ferry line.Instructions: Round your answers to the nearest dollar. Ferry line Cost of pollution reduction A $ B $ C $ a. The total cost of pollution reduction is $ .b. Suppose the government decides to give each ferry line 50 tradable permits. Each permit allows a ferry line to produce one unit of pollution. Ferry line ____ will buy permits from ferry line ____.c. Under this system of tradable permits, the total cost of pollution reduction is $ .