The graph below depicts the market for a good with what type of externality present?Price2220-1816412-10-co190906A20To0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140QuantitySocial CostD160O Negative production externalityPositive consumption externalityO Negative consumption externalityO Positive production externalityPrivate Cost180 200

The external cost is the cost that is borne by the third party. There is positive externality when…

The graph below depicts the market for a good with what type of externality present? Price 227 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6- 4 2- 0- 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Social Cost Quantity D 120 140 160 180 200 Private Cost Negative production externality O Positive consumption externality O Negative consumption externality O Positive production externality

The graph below depicts the market for a good with what type of externality present? Price 227 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6- 4 2- 0- 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Social Cost Quantity D 120 140 160 180 200 Private Cost Negative production externality O Positive consumption externality O Negative consumption externality O Positive production externality

ENGR.ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

14th Edition

ISBN:9780190931919

Author:NEWNAN

Publisher:NEWNAN

Chapter1: Making Economics Decisions

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1QTC

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3. The effect of negative externalities on the optimal quantityof consumption Consider the market for pharmaceuticals. Suppose that a pharmaceutical factory dumps toxic waste into a nearby river, creating a negative externality for those living downstream from the factory. Producing additional pharmaceuticals imposes a constant per-unit external cost of $280. The following graph shows the demand (private value) curve and the supply (private cost) curve for pharmaceuticals. Use the purple points (diamond symbol) to plot the social cost curve when the external cost is $280 per unit. PRICE (Dollars per unit of pharmaceuticals) 800 720 640 560 480 400 320 240 160 80 O 1 2 3 □ O O ㅁ 4 Supply (Private Cost) Demand (Private Value) 5 6 7 QUANTITY (Units of pharmaceuticals) Social Cost ? The market equilibrium quantity is units of pharmaceuticals, but the socially optimal quantity of pharmaceuticals production is units. To create an incentive for the firm to produce the socially optimal…
C.F5 % 16 5 F6 6 PRICE F7 87 63 & 42 36 24 15 0 Refer to Figure 10-5. The socially optimal quantity of outpurus O a. 240 units, since the value to the buyer of the 240th unit is equal to the cost incurred by the seller of the 240th unit. O b. 240 units, since the value to society of the 240th unit is equal to the cost incurred by the seller of the 240th unit. O c. 420 units, since the value to the buyer of the 420th unit is equal to the cost incurred by the seller of the 420th unit. O d. 420 units, since the value to society of the 420th unit is equal to the cost incurred by the seller of the 420th unit. F8 * 8 240 8 QUANTITY F9 ( 9 420 Y JUDUL F10 Supply O Social Value Demand -O- ) F F11 O:+ F12 || PrtSc 000 =
(Figure: The Socially Optimal Quantity of Emissions from Coal Production) Use Figure The Socialy Optimal Quarety of Emissions from Coal Production in the figure, firms are the only beneficiaries of polution, and costs are borne solely by others in the society. Without government intervention Marginal social cost, marginal social benefit MSC of pollution MSB of pollution Quantity of pollution emissions (tons) O The outcome cannot be determined without more information Orms will continue to polute until the marginal benefit to them is $200 O firms will continue to pollute until the marginal benate to them is zero. O the quantity of pollution will be optimal.
9. Private solutions to correct for externalities Consider the following scenario: Suppose that a flower nursery benefits from having a butterfly farm located only a few miles away, because the presence of the insects greatly improves flower pollination. Lawyers for the two companies meet to draft a legal document specifying the number of butterflies the farm promises to maintain in exchange for payments to be made by the nursery. Which of the following types of private solutions to the externality of pollination has occurred in this case? Moral codes and social sanctions Charities Contracts Integration of different types of businesses through merger or acquisition It's important to note that sometimes private solutions to externalities do not work. For example, this occurs when communications barriers or social customs are important enough relative to the potential gains involved that
Assume that a state authorizes a local authority which regulates cable TV service in your neighborhood. This authority then grants an exclusive operating franchise to a cable TV company. Cable TV is excludible but non-rival in use. What kind of market failure is this? O A) A positive externality O B) A public good. OCA club good DI A negatiVe externality
QUESTION 10 Suppose that a firm in a competitive market produces electricity by burning coal. The production process creates a negative externality of air pollution. The firm only cares about its private benefits and costs so it will produce a quantity where O the price of electricity it is paid equals the marginal private cost of producing electricity O the marginal value of electricity to society equals the marginal social cost to society the cost of the externality is maximized O the transaction costs of private bargaining are minimized
urco Use the chart below to answer the following question. The Socially Optimal Quantity of Pollution Select one: O a. $83 O b. $250 O c. $500 O d. $167 Marginal social cost, marginal social benefit $500 250 167 0 MSC MSB 83 125 Quantity of pollution The chart above shows the marginal social cost (MSC) and marginal social benefit (MSB) of pollution. Using the information provided in the figure, we can conclude the optimal Pigouvian tax per unit of pollution is:
Quantity Marginal of Total Cost of Pollution Cost Reduction Reduction 1 20 20 50 30 3 110 60 200 90 5 380 180 6 660 280 Use the cost information from the table for a firm creates pollution. If there is a pollution charge of $45 per unit, how much will the firm reduce its pollution? O 1 4 3.
Time left 0:16:1 Suppose that elementary education creates a positive externality. If the government does not subsidize education, then Select one: the equilibrium quantity of education will be less than the socially optimal quantity of O a. education O b. the equilibrium quantity of education is optimal the equilibrium quantity of education will be greater than the socially optimal quantity of education C. Od. the equilibrium quantity of education will be equal to the socially optimal quantity of education Next page page r on this page
Figure 5-1 Price (dollars per vaccination) $60 50 40 400 600 Supply D, Refer to Figure 5-1. The market equilibrium quantity is O 200 O 400 O 600 O > 600 D₂ Quantity (thousands of vaccinations) Figure 5-1 represents the market for vaccinations. Vaccinations are considered a benefit to society, and the figure shows both the marginal private benefit and the marginal social benefit from vaccinations. thousand vaccinations.
5. The effect of negative externalities on the optimal quantityof consumption Consider the market for paper. Suppose that a paper factory dumps toxic waste into a nearby river, creating a negative externality for those living downstream from the factory. Producing an additional ton of paper imposes a constant external cost of $210 per ton. The following graph shows the demand (private value) curve and the supply (private cost) curve for paper. Use the purple points (diamond symbol) to plot the social cost curve when the external cost is $210 per ton. PRICE (Dollars per ton of paper) 700 630 560 490 420 350 280 210 140 70 0 0 ¶¶ 1 O 2 O 3 4 5 QUANTITY (Tons of paper) The market equilibrium quantity is 0 ☐ Supply (Private Cost) 6 Demand (Private Value) 7 Social Cost ? tons of paper, but the socially optimal quantity of paper production is To create an incentive for the firm to produce the socially optimal quantity of paper, the government could impose a of paper. tons. per ton
Suppose that a firm’s emissions and Marginal Abatement Cost (MAC) data are summarized in thetable below. e MAC 0 200 10 180 20 160 30 140 40 120 50 100 60 80 70 60 80 40 90 20 100 0 a. If the price of a pollution permit is $100, how many permits will the firm need? Explain.b. Suppose that the price of a pollution permit increases to $120, how many permits will thefirm need? Explain.c. With this new price of $120, will the firm’s emissions increase or decrease? By howmuch? Explain.d. Can the firm sell any permits? If so, what is the revenue generated from permit sales?Explain.