The prisoners' dilemma is a game in whichthe players fail to reach the best possible outcome when each player independently pursues what is in their self-interest.one player wins and one loses when each player independently pursues what is in their self-interest.the players jointly reach the best possible outcome when each player independently pursues is in their self-interest.neither player wins or loses anything when each player independently pursues what is in their self-interest.

Prisoners' dilemma is an example of a game theory in which players are better off if they cooperate…

Answered: The prisoners' dilemma is a game in…

ENGR.ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

14th Edition

ISBN:9780190931919

Author:NEWNAN

Publisher:NEWNAN

Chapter1: Making Economics Decisions

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1QTC

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Normal Form Game: The table below provides a normal form, 2 x 2 game. The players are Column and Row. Column can choose either LEFT or RIGHT, and Row can choose either UP or DOWN. Their payoffs for each combination of moves are provided in the four boxes. Column Row UP DOWN The combination of moves (UP, LEFT) is a Nash-Equilibrium. A. False O B. True 2 LEFT -1 -7 3 6 RIGHT -5 -10
Which of the following best characterizes the prisoner's dilemma problem? O Players reaching the social optimal in their Nash Equilibrium O A game having multiple Nash Equilibrium O Player s Nash Equilibrium is not the social optimal O A game with no Nash Equilibrium
4. Consider a two player game with Fred and Barney, who tal turns removing matchsticks from a pile. They start with 33 matchsticks, and Fred goes first. On each turn, ecach player may remove either one, two, three, four, or five matchsticks. The player to remove the last matchstick wins the game. What are the optimal strategies for each player? Who will win? b. Suppose now that they can remove up to six matchsticks, how will the optimal strategies change for- each player? a.
Normal Form Game: The table below provides a normal form, 2 x 2 game. The players are Column and Row. Column can choose either LEFT or RIGHT, and Row can choose either UP or DOWN. Their payoffs for each combination of moves are provided in the four boxes. Row UP DOWN In the above game, the Row player has a dominant strategy. O A. False O B. True Column -5 LEFT -2 1 -6 RIGHT -7
Which of the following accurately describes a player's strictly dominant strategy? O It is a strategy that is better than all the player's other strategies, no matter what the other players do. There is always at least one player who has one in every game.. O It is the strategy a player uses in the Nash equilibrium of a game. Since a Nash equilibrium always exists, players always have a strictly dominant strategy. O It is a strategy that is better than all the player's other strategies, no matter what the other players do. A player may or may not have one. O It is a strategy that is better than all the player's other strategies, no matter what the other players do. Every player has a dominant strategy in every game.. O It is the strategy a player uses in the Nash equilibrium of a game. Since a Nash equilibrium may not exist, players may not always have a strictly dominant strategy.
in this game table, Pepsi's payout is on the left and Sam's Choice's is on the ight. Is the Nash equilibrium a prisoner's dilemma? Pepsi High Low Sam's Choice High 110, 20 60, 10 Low 80, 40 70, 30 O No, it is not because both firms played their dominant strategies. O Yes, it is because the combined payoff for the two firms is lower than another outcome. O Yes, it is because at least one of the firms ends up with the lowest possible payoff. O No, it is not because at least one firm has achieved its highest possible payoff.
Question 2 Suppose there are two players, an entrant and an incumbent firm playing the following game: the entrant decides whether to stay out or enter. The incumbent decides whether to innovate or not. If the entrant stays out, the entrant firm gets a payoff of 0 whereas the incumbent firm gets a payoff od 1500, independent of the action of the incumbent firm. If the entrant enters and the incumbent doesn't innovate, the entrant gets 1200 whereas the incumbent gets 500. If the entrant enters and the incumbent innovates, the entrant and the incumbent get a payoff of 1000 each. a) Draw the normal form of the game and solve for the Nash equilibrium/equilibria. b) Suppose the game is dynamic: first the entrant decides whether to enter or stay out. If the entrant enters, the incumbent decides whether to innovate or not. If the entrant stays out, the incumbent doesn't get to play. Draw the extensive form of the fame, mark the subgames on paper and solve for the subgame-perfect Nash…
Mr. and Mrs. Ward typically vote oppositely in elections and so their votes “cancel each other out.” They each gain two units of utility from a vote for their positions (and lose two units of utility from a vote against their positions). However, the bother of actually voting costs each one unit of utility. Diagram a game in which they choose whether to vote or not to vote.
Use the following game table to answer the question: Player 2 Y 6, 3 1, 3 A 10, 5 0,0 Player 1 B 2,6 0,0 3,5 3, 4 3, 3 Is the Nash equilibrium of this game for Player 1 to choose A and Player 2 to choose X? Why or why not? O It is; if Player 2 chose B or C they would get less than 10, and if Player 1 chose Y or Z they would get less than 5. It is not; Player 2 could get 6, instead of 5, if they chose B. O It is; if Player 1 chose B or C they would get less than 10, and if Player 2 chose Y or Z they would get less than 5. It is; if Player 2 chose B or C they would get less than 5, and if Player 1 chose Y or Z they would get less than 10. It is not; Player 1 could get 6, instead of 5, if they chose B.
the Consider a simultaneous-move integer game between two players: Marilyn and Noah. Each of player is required to announce a positive integer between 1 to 4. In other words, a player can announce 1, 2, 3, or 4. Two players announce their integers simultaneously. Notice that this game is different from the games we learned in class in that each player has four actions to take. The payoffs of the players in the game are specified as follows: (1) when the two announced integers are different, whoever reports the lower number pays $1 to the other player, so that the loser of the game has payoff -1 and the winner of the game has payoff 1; (2) when the two players announce the same integer, their payoffs are both O. What is Marilyn's maximin strategy? 01 02 03 O
Consider the infinite repeated two-player game where at each stage the play- ers play the non-zero-sum game given by A В A (5, 5) (0,7) В (7, 0) | (2, 2) (a) Consider the following strategies: SA: always play A. SB: always play B. • St: play A on the first stage, thereafter copy what the other player did in the preceding stage. Suppose that the total payoff involves a discount factor 8, and that both players are restricted to the pure strategies SA, SB, and sT. Determine the set of d for which (ST, ST) is a Nash equilibrium. (b) Use the one stage deviation principle to determine whether the pair (ST, ST) is a subgame perfect Nash equilibrium for some range of val- ues of 8.
4. Using a payoff matrix to determine the equilibrium outcome Suppose that Flashfry and Warmbreeze are the only two firms in a hypothetical market that produce and sell air fryers. The following payoff matrix gives profit scenarios for each company (in millions of dollars), depending on whether it chooses to set a high or low price for fryers. Flashfry Pricing High Low Warmbreeze Pricing High Low 11, 11 2,13 13, 2 10, 10 For example, the lower-left cell shows that if Flashfry prices low and Warmbreeze prices high, Flashfry will earn a profit of $13 million, and Warmbreeze will earn a profit of $2 million. Assume this is a simultaneous game and that Flashfry and Warmbreeze are both profit-maximizing firms. price, and if Flashfry prices low, Warmbreeze will make more profit if it If Flashfry prices high, Warmbreeze will make more profit if it chooses a chooses a price. If Warmbreeze prices high, Flashfry will make more profit if it chooses a chooses a price. Considering all of the…

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