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- Two farmers have unlimited access to a common plot of land and can let their cows graze on it. The matrix below shows the benefits they get from grazing either 1 or 2+ cows on the land. Farmer 2 Farmer1 1 cow 2+ cows 1 cow 8,8 2,10 2+cows 10,2 4,4 What kind of game is this? What is/are the Nash equilibrium/equilibria? What is/are the Pareto efficient outcome(s) in this game? (Hint: Remember that Pareto efficiency occurs when no one person can be made better off without someone else being made worse off) The government offers a reward or subsidy for communities where farmers only allow 1 cow to graze on the common field, resulting in a new payoff matrix:…2. Brad and Angelina have agreed to meet up for their first date. Neither of them can remember the exact location where they arranged to meet up and have forgotten their phones at home. Their payoff matrix can be described as follows: Brad The Hive Le Monde a) What is the Nash equilibrium in this game? Angelina The Hive 5; 5 0; 0 Le Monde 0; 0 5; 5Sam and Sarah are thinking about getting married. However if either of them cheats on the other, they would get a payoff of 10, while the other person gets zero. If neither cheat, they stay with each other and get a payoff of 7 each and if both cheat, the relationship falls apart and each get a payoff of 1. What is the Nash equilibrium of this game? a. Cheat, Cheat b. Not cheat, Not cheat Sam cheats, Sarah doesn't Sarah cheats, Sam doesn't
- 3. Two individuals are planning to start a business. The earnings from a grocery store business would be $30,000 for each, but the business requires two people (one to watch over the stock and the other to act as a cashier). Each individual could instead start an mpesa business. The take from mpesa business is only $3000 but can be done with one person acting alone. i) Write down the payoff matrix for this game ( ii) Solve the Nash equilibrium2. Consider the following two-player game with two players: Adam and Eve. Adam A1 A2 A3 A4 E1 6,3 5, 3 5, 0 2,0 E2 4,4 5, 4 3, 2 2, 3 Eve E3 4, 1 0,2 6, 1 3, 4 E4 3,0 5, 1 4,0 6₂ 1 a. Find the Iterated Elimination of Dominant Strategies Equilibrium for this game. Explain.2. Consider the following game. Two criminals are thinking about pulling off a bank robbery. The take from the bank would be $20,000 each, but the job requires two people (one to rob the bank and one to drive the getaway car. Each criminal could instead rob a liquor store. The take from robing a liquor store is only $1000 but can be done with one person acting alone. Write the payoff matrix of this game Player A Bank job Liqour store Player B Bank job Liquor store a. What are the Nash equilibria in this game? b. Explain why there can be multiple equilibria in this game. c. How the game will be played if mixed strategies are allowed? Discuss.
- 4. Some types of resource conflicts can be modeled using the following game. Two players would each like to capture a valuable resource, worth R. Each player must choose a strategy from {Amicable, Belligerent}. If one player chooses Belligerent while the other chooses Amicable, the first will walk away with the resource, leaving nothing for the other player. If they both choose Amicable, the resource will be split equally between them. If they both choose Belligerent, the resource will also be split equally between them, but they will each suffer a cost C. P2 Amicable Belligerent 0, R R/2-C, R/2-C P1 Amicable R/2, R/2 Belligerent R, 0 4.1. What NEs in pure strategies will the game have for the case where a) R/2 > C, b) R/2 < C and c) R/2 = C? 4.2. Find a Nash equilibrium (NE) in fully (strictly) mixed strategies for this game using the indifference property. Assume that R and C are configured so that a fully mixed NE exists. 4.3. How is the mixed strategy NE affected by changes to R…1. Suppose that in the market for paper, demand is p = 100-Q. The private marginal cost is MCP= 10 + Q. Pollution generated during the production process creates external marginal harmequal to MC°= Q. Is social welfare greater under monopoly or under competition? Chemical Firm 1 Ton 2 Tons Pollution Pollution Shut 15 20 Down 15 20 Operate 25 10 BeachTeam 2 plays A Team 2 plays B Team 1 plays A 2, 1 0,0 Team 1 plays B 0,0 1, 2 Consider the game above. Which of the following is a Nash Equilibrium of the game? O Team 1 plays A two thirds of the time and plays the rest of the time, while team 2 plays A two thirds of the time and plays B the rest of the time. Team 1 plays A one quarter of the time and plays B the rest of the time, while team 2 plays A one quarter of the time and plays B the rest of the time. Team 1 plays A one quarter of the time and plays B the rest of the time, while team 2 plays A three quarters of the time and plays B the rest of the time. O None of the other answers are correct. Team 1 plays A two thirds of the time and plays B the rest of the time, while team 2 plays A one third of the time and plays B the rest of the time.
- 5. The following problem was first considered by John von Neumann and is a fundamentalresult game theory.A and B play the following game:A writes down either number 1 or number 2, and B must guess which one.If the number that A has written down is i and B has guessed correctly, B receives i units from A.If B makes a wrong guess, B pays 4/5 of a unit to A.First we consider the expected gain of player B.Suppose B guesses 1 with probability p and 2 with probability 1 −p.Let X1 denote B’s gain (or loss) in a game where A has written down 1.Let X2 denote B’s gain (or loss) in a game where A has written down 2.(a) Find the pmf of X1 and X2(b) Find B’s expected gain for these two cases, E[X1] and E[X2].(c) What value of p maximizes the minimum possible value of B’s expected gain?Now consider the expected loss of player ASuppose that A writes down 1 with probability q and 2 with probability 1 −q.Let Y1 be A’s loss (or gain) if B chooses number 1.Let Y2 be A’s loss (or gain) if B…K In a game, there are two players: Player 1 and Player 2. They have two strategies to select from, A and B. Where the first payoff and the second payoff in every cell is for Player 1 and Player 2 respectively. Which of the following is an example of a game without a dominant strategy? (Check all that apply.) A. C. Player 1 Player 1 A B A B A 3,-3 1, 1 A 2,1 0,0 Player 2 Player 2 B 3, -3 5, -5 B 0,0 1,2 B. D. Player 1 Player 1 A B A B A 1,-1 -1, 1 Player 2 Player 2 A 3.5, -1.5 2.7, -1 B -1, 1 1,-1 B -5, 3 0,0 If the dominant strategy for Player 1 is selecting strategy A and the dominant strategy for Player 2 is strategy B, then A B is an example of a c From ame C Murat Çok Di id Kushn y My HandTwo Owners s Are Trying to Decide Where to Put Their Businesses. They have choices of Uptown and Downtown. In this case, one restaurant is a bowling alley and the other is a restaurant and they actually want to locate close to each other as they think this will attract more customers. Here is the payoff matrix: Restaurant Uptown Blank #1: Blank #2: Downtown 0 Uptown Bowling Alley 1 1 2 Downtown 0 2 How many Nash equilbria are there? 1,2,3 or 4 There is an option to let the Bowling Alley move first, but no option for the Restaurant to move first. Should the Restaurant let the Bowling Alley move first.. Yes or No Question 10 options: