The following program rotates a cube with color interpolation , where colors are assigned to the vertices and mouse buttons control the direction of the rotation. Create the code /* cube.cpp */ #include #include static GLfloat theta[] = {0.0,0.0,0.0}; static GLint axis = 2; GLfloat vertices[][3] = {{-1.0,-1.0,-1.0},{1.0,-1.0,-1.0}, {1.0,1.0,-1.0}, {-1.0,1.0,-1.0}, {-1.0,-1.0,1.0}, {1.0,-1.0,1.0}, {1.0,1.0,1.0}, {-1.0,1.0,1.0}}; GLfloat colors[][3] = {{0.0,0.0,0.0}, {0.0,0.0,1.0}, {0.0,1.0,0.0}, {0.0,1.0,1.0}, {1.0,0.0,0.0}, {1.0,0.0,1.0}, {1.0,1.0,0.0}, {1.0,1.0,1.0}}; // draw a polygon via list of vertices void polygon(int a, int b, int c , int d) { glBegin(GL_POLYGON); glColor3fv(colors[a]); glVertex3fv(vertices[a]); glColor3fv(colors[b]); glVertex3fv(vertices[b]); glColor3fv(colors[c]); glVertex3fv(vertices[c]); glColor3fv(colors[d]); glVertex3fv(vertices[d]); glEnd(); } // map vertices to faces void colorcube(void) { polygon(0,3,2,1); polygon(2,3,7,6); polygon(0,4,7,3); polygon(1,2,6,5); polygon(4,5,6,7); polygon(0,1,5,4); } // display callback void display(void) { // clear frame buffer and z buffer, // rotate cube and draw, swap buffers glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); glLoadIdentity(); glRotatef(theta[0], 1.0, 0.0, 0.0); glRotatef(theta[1], 0.0, 1.0, 0.0); glRotatef(theta[2], 0.0, 0.0, 1.0); colorcube(); glFlush(); glutSwapBuffers(); } // idle callback, spin cube 2 degrees about selected axis void spinCube() { theta[axis] += 2.0; if( theta[axis] > 360.0 ) theta[axis] -= 360.0; glutPostRedisplay(); } // mouse callback void mouse(int btn, int state, int x, int y) { // selects an axis about which to rotate if(btn==GLUT_LEFT_BUTTON && state == GLUT_DOWN) axis = 0; if(btn==GLUT_MIDDLE_BUTTON && state == GLUT_DOWN) axis = 1; if(btn==GLUT_RIGHT_BUTTON && state == GLUT_DOWN) axis = 2; } // reshape callback void myReshape(int w, int h) { glViewport(0, 0, w, h); glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); glLoadIdentity(); if (w <= h) glOrtho(-2.0, 2.0, -2.0 * (GLfloat) h / (GLfloat) w, 2.0 * (GLfloat) h / (GLfloat) w, -10.0, 10.0); else glOrtho(-2.0 * (GLfloat) w / (GLfloat) h, 2.0 * (GLfloat) w / (GLfloat) h, -2.0, 2.0, -10.0, 10.0); glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); } // main function int main(int argc, char **argv) { glutInit(&argc, argv); // need both double buffering and z buffer glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGB | GLUT_DEPTH); glutInitWindowSize(500, 500); glutCreateWindow("Color Cube"); glutReshapeFunc(myReshape); glutDisplayFunc(display); glutIdleFunc(spinCube); glutMouseFunc(mouse); glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); // Enable hidden--surface--removal glutMainLoop(); return 0; }

The following program rotates a cube with color interpolation , where colors are assigned to the vertices and mouse buttons control the direction of the rotation. Create the code /* cube.cpp / #include #include static GLfloat theta[] = {0.0,0.0,0.0}; static GLint axis = 2; GLfloat vertices[][3] = {{-1.0,-1.0,-1.0},{1.0,-1.0,-1.0}, {1.0,1.0,-1.0}, {-1.0,1.0,-1.0}, {-1.0,-1.0,1.0}, {1.0,-1.0,1.0}, {1.0,1.0,1.0}, {-1.0,1.0,1.0}}; GLfloat colors[][3] = {{0.0,0.0,0.0}, {0.0,0.0,1.0}, {0.0,1.0,0.0}, {0.0,1.0,1.0}, {1.0,0.0,0.0}, {1.0,0.0,1.0}, {1.0,1.0,0.0}, {1.0,1.0,1.0}}; // draw a polygon via list of vertices void polygon(int a, int b, int c , int d) { glBegin(GL_POLYGON); glColor3fv(colors[a]); glVertex3fv(vertices[a]); glColor3fv(colors[b]); glVertex3fv(vertices[b]); glColor3fv(colors[c]); glVertex3fv(vertices[c]); glColor3fv(colors[d]); glVertex3fv(vertices[d]); glEnd(); } // map vertices to faces void colorcube(void) { polygon(0,3,2,1); polygon(2,3,7,6); polygon(0,4,7,3); polygon(1,2,6,5); polygon(4,5,6,7); polygon(0,1,5,4); } // display callback void display(void) { // clear frame buffer and z buffer, // rotate cube and draw, swap buffers glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); glLoadIdentity(); glRotatef(theta[0], 1.0, 0.0, 0.0); glRotatef(theta[1], 0.0, 1.0, 0.0); glRotatef(theta[2], 0.0, 0.0, 1.0); colorcube(); glFlush(); glutSwapBuffers(); } // idle callback, spin cube 2 degrees about selected axis void spinCube() { theta[axis] += 2.0; if( theta[axis] > 360.0 ) theta[axis] -= 360.0; glutPostRedisplay(); } // mouse callback void mouse(int btn, int state, int x, int y) { // selects an axis about which to rotate if(btn==GLUT_LEFT_BUTTON && state == GLUT_DOWN) axis = 0; if(btn==GLUT_MIDDLE_BUTTON && state == GLUT_DOWN) axis = 1; if(btn==GLUT_RIGHT_BUTTON && state == GLUT_DOWN) axis = 2; } // reshape callback void myReshape(int w, int h) { glViewport(0, 0, w, h); glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); glLoadIdentity(); if (w <= h) glOrtho(-2.0, 2.0, -2.0 (GLfloat) h / (GLfloat) w, 2.0 * (GLfloat) h / (GLfloat) w, -10.0, 10.0); else glOrtho(-2.0 * (GLfloat) w / (GLfloat) h, 2.0 * (GLfloat) w / (GLfloat) h, -2.0, 2.0, -10.0, 10.0); glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); } // main function int main(int argc, char **argv) { glutInit(&argc, argv); // need both double buffering and z buffer glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGB | GLUT_DEPTH); glutInitWindowSize(500, 500); glutCreateWindow("Color Cube"); glutReshapeFunc(myReshape); glutDisplayFunc(display); glutIdleFunc(spinCube); glutMouseFunc(mouse); glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); // Enable hidden--surface--removal glutMainLoop(); return 0; }

Database System Concepts

7th Edition

ISBN:9780078022159

Author:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan

Publisher:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan

Chapter1: Introduction

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1PE

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Question

The following program rotates a cube with color interpolation , where colors are assigned to the vertices and mouse buttons control the direction of the rotation. Create the code

/* cube.cpp */

#include <stdlib.h>

#include <GL/glut.h>

static GLfloat theta[] = {0.0,0.0,0.0};

static GLint axis = 2;

GLfloat vertices[][3] = {{-1.0,-1.0,-1.0},{1.0,-1.0,-1.0},

{1.0,1.0,-1.0}, {-1.0,1.0,-1.0}, {-1.0,-1.0,1.0},

{1.0,-1.0,1.0}, {1.0,1.0,1.0}, {-1.0,1.0,1.0}};

GLfloat colors[][3] = {{0.0,0.0,0.0}, {0.0,0.0,1.0},

{0.0,1.0,0.0}, {0.0,1.0,1.0}, {1.0,0.0,0.0},

{1.0,0.0,1.0}, {1.0,1.0,0.0}, {1.0,1.0,1.0}};

// draw a polygon via list of vertices

void polygon(int a, int b, int c , int d)

{

glBegin(GL_POLYGON);

glColor3fv(colors[a]);

glVertex3fv(vertices[a]);

glColor3fv(colors[b]);

glVertex3fv(vertices[b]);

glColor3fv(colors[c]);

glVertex3fv(vertices[c]);

glColor3fv(colors[d]);

glVertex3fv(vertices[d]);

glEnd();

}

// map vertices to faces

void colorcube(void)

{

polygon(0,3,2,1);

polygon(2,3,7,6);

polygon(0,4,7,3);

polygon(1,2,6,5);

polygon(4,5,6,7);

polygon(0,1,5,4);

}

// display callback

void display(void)

{

// clear frame buffer and z buffer,

// rotate cube and draw, swap buffers

glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);

glLoadIdentity();

glRotatef(theta[0], 1.0, 0.0, 0.0);

glRotatef(theta[1], 0.0, 1.0, 0.0);

glRotatef(theta[2], 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);

colorcube();

glFlush();

glutSwapBuffers();

}

// idle callback, spin cube 2 degrees about selected axis

void spinCube()

{

theta[axis] += 2.0;

if( theta[axis] > 360.0 ) theta[axis] -= 360.0;

glutPostRedisplay();

}

// mouse callback

void mouse(int btn, int state, int x, int y)

{

// selects an axis about which to rotate

if(btn==GLUT_LEFT_BUTTON && state == GLUT_DOWN) axis = 0;

if(btn==GLUT_MIDDLE_BUTTON && state == GLUT_DOWN) axis = 1;

if(btn==GLUT_RIGHT_BUTTON && state == GLUT_DOWN) axis = 2;

}

// reshape callback

void myReshape(int w, int h)

{

glViewport(0, 0, w, h);

glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);

glLoadIdentity();

if (w <= h)

glOrtho(-2.0, 2.0, -2.0 * (GLfloat) h / (GLfloat) w,

2.0 * (GLfloat) h / (GLfloat) w, -10.0, 10.0);

else

glOrtho(-2.0 * (GLfloat) w / (GLfloat) h,

2.0 * (GLfloat) w / (GLfloat) h, -2.0, 2.0, -10.0, 10.0);

glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);

}

// main function

int main(int argc, char **argv)

{

glutInit(&argc, argv);

// need both double buffering and z buffer

glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGB | GLUT_DEPTH);

glutInitWindowSize(500, 500);

glutCreateWindow("Color Cube");

glutReshapeFunc(myReshape);

glutDisplayFunc(display);

glutIdleFunc(spinCube);

glutMouseFunc(mouse);

glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); // Enable hidden--surface--removal

glutMainLoop();

return 0;

}

```cpp
/* cube.cpp */

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <GL/glut.h>

static GLfloat theta[] = {0.0, 0.0, 0.0};
static GLint axis = 2;

GLfloat vertices[][3] = {
{-1.0, -1.0, -1.0}, {1.0, -1.0, -1.0},
{1.0, 1.0, -1.0}, {-1.0, 1.0, -1.0},
{-1.0, -1.0, 1.0}, {1.0, -1.0, 1.0},
{1.0, 1.0, 1.0}, {-1.0, 1.0, 1.0}
};

GLfloat colors[][3] = {
{0.0, 0.0, 0.0}, {0.0, 0.0, 1.0},
{0.0, 1.0, 0.0}, {0.0, 1.0, 1.0},
{1.0, 0.0, 0.0}, {1.0, 0.0, 1.0},
{1.0, 1.0, 0.0}, {1.0, 1.0, 1.0}
};

// draw a polygon via list of vertices
void polygon(int a, int b, int c, int d)
{
glBegin(GL_POLYGON);
glColor3fv(colors[a]);
glVertex3fv(vertices[a]);
glColor3fv(colors[b]);
glVertex3fv(vertices[b]);
glColor3fv(colors[c]);
glVertex3fv(vertices[c]);
glColor3fv(colors[d]);
glVertex3fv(vertices[d]);
glEnd();
}

// map vertices to faces
void colorcube(void)
{
polygon(0, 3, 2, 1);
polygon(2, 3, 7, 6);
polygon(0, 4, 7, 3);
polygon(1, 2, 6, 5);
polygon(4, 5, 6, 7);
polygon(0, 1,

```c
glutSwapBuffers();
}

// idle callback, spin cube 2 degrees about selected axis
void spinCube()
{
theta[axis] += 2.0;
if( theta[axis] > 360.0 ) theta[axis] -= 360.0;
glutPostRedisplay();
}

// mouse callback
void mouse(int btn, int state, int x, int y)
{
// selects an axis about which to rotate
if(btn==GLUT_LEFT_BUTTON && state == GLUT_DOWN) axis = 0;
if(btn==GLUT_MIDDLE_BUTTON && state == GLUT_DOWN) axis = 1;
if(btn==GLUT_RIGHT_BUTTON && state == GLUT_DOWN) axis = 2;
}

// reshape callback
void myReshape(int w, int h)
{
glViewport(0, 0, w, h);
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
if (w <= h)
glOrtho(-2.0, 2.0, -2.0 * (GLfloat) h / (GLfloat) w,
2.0 * (GLfloat) h / (GLfloat) w, -10.0, 10.0);
else
glOrtho(-2.0 * (GLfloat) w / (GLfloat) h,
2.0 * (GLfloat) w / (GLfloat) h, -2.0, 2.0, -10.0, 10.0);
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
}

// main function
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
glutInit(&argc, argv);
// need both double buffering and z buffer
glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGB | GLUT_DEPTH);
glutInitWindowSize(500, 500);
glutCreateWindow("Color Cube");
glutReshapeFunc(myReshape);
glutDisplayFunc(display);
glutIdleFunc(spinCube);
glutMouseFunc(mouse);
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); // Enable hidden-surface-removal
glutMainLoop();
return 0;
}
```

### Explanation

This code is for a 3D graphics application using the OpenGL Utility Toolkit (GLUT). It implements the following key functionalities:

- **Idle Callback (`spinCube`)**: This function rotates a cube by 2 degrees around a selected

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