**The Extraction of Energy from Food Molecules by Aerobic Organisms**The process of extracting energy from food molecules in aerobic organisms occurs in three main stages. The following statements describe these stages:- **Statement 1**: In the second stage, monomers are broken down, and a small amount of ATP is produced. - **Statement 2**: In the third stage, fuel molecules are completely oxidized to CO₂, and no ATP is produced.- **Statement 3**: In the third stage, fuel molecules are completely oxidized to CO₂, and a small amount of ATP is produced.- **Statement 4**: In the third stage, fuel molecules are completely oxidized to CO₂, and most of the ATP needed for cellular processes is produced. (**Correct**)- **Statement 5**: In the first stage, macromolecules are converted to monomers, and a small amount of ATP is produced.- **Statement 6**: In the first and second stages, the majority of ATP needed for cellular processes is produced. (**Incorrect**)The process primarily involves the conversion of macromolecules into smaller units, the breakdown of these units, and their further oxidation to produce energy in the form of ATP, with the majority being synthesized during the third stage.

The process that is referred in the question is nothing but cellular respiration.Cellular…

Answered: The extraction of energy from food…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Photosynthesis and aerobic cellular respiration both rely on electron transport chains to generate ATP. Which of the following does not correctly identify similarities and differences in the ETCs of these processes? a) Electrons delivered to the ETC are used to generate a proton gradient across the membrane b) In photosynthesis, the facilitated diffusion of protons across the membrane generates ATP and glucose molecules; in cellular respiration, this process generates ATP c) In photosynthesis, electrons are delivered to the ETC by NADPH; in cellular respiration, electrons are delivered to the ETC by NADH and FADH2 d) In prokaryotes, active transport moves protons across the cell’s plasma membrane during photosynthesis and cellular respiration
Which of the following statements regarding the glycolysis pathway is FALSE? A) O Two pyruvate molecules are generated. B) O ATP molecules are generated via substrate-level phosphorylation C) O It does not require oxygen to operate D) O ATPS are used (hydrolyzed) in the beginning of glycolysis. E) O None of the above are false; they are all true statements
The two electron carriers involved in the redox reactions of cellular respiration are NAD+ and FAD. When a molecule of FAD is converted to FADH2, it has been A) reduced B) dehydrogenated C) oxidized
Classify each enzyme of glycolysis into one of the six classes of enzymes. What class of enzymes has the most representatives in glycolysis? Why is this consistent with the goals of glycolysis? Why are ligases not represented in glycolysis?
Which of the following statements is correct? A) NAD+ is reduced to NADH during glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the citric acid cycle. B) NAD+ has more chemical energy than NADH. C) NAD+ is oxidized by the action of hydrogenases. D) NAD+ can donate electrons for use in oxidative phosphorylation. E) NAD+ is reduced during fermentation in order for glycolysis to continue.
How do ATP levels regulate glycolysis? 000 High levels of ATP enhance glycolysis... ATP levels do not affect glycolysis. High levels of ATP inhibit glycolysis.
A sequence of amino acids found in a subunit of the ATP synthase enzyme in several species is shown below. Which amino acids are likely to be most important to the function of ATP synthase?
A proton gradient is created during the electron transport chain using the energy released from the oxidation of NADH and FADH2. The protons then cross the membrane through ATP synthase down their electrochemical gradient, and ATP is produced. This is an example of A) energy coupling B) cotransport C) allosteric regulation.
1.) Complete the following table summarizing different metabolic states Anabolism or Catabolism? State Absorptive (after eating) Post- Absorptive (Short Fast, 1 day) Long Fast (Days to month) Extreme Starvation Primary energy Metabolic pathways/processes source for ATP utilized synthesis
Of the catabolic pathways: glycolysis, fermentation, anaerobic respiration, and aerobic respiration, which can proceed without molecular oxygen (O2) present? Both aerobic respiration and fermentation Fermentation only Anaerobic respiration only Glycolysis, anaerobic respiration, and fermentation
How does the proton motive force lead to production of ATP? A) ATPase requires one proton to make one ATP. B) Protons must be pumped against a concentration gradient from outside of the cell into the cell to rotate the F0 subunit of ATPase for the F1 subunit to make ATP. C) Oxidative phosphorylation of ADP by ATP synthase requires protons as cofactors in the reaction. D) Translocation of three to four protons drives the F0 component of ATPase, which in turn phosphorylates one ADP into ATP.
Which of the following about glycolysis ARE/IS correct? (choose all that apply) a) During glycolysis, a Cys residue on an enzyme works as a nucleophile to attack a carbonyl group on a substrate. b) The net result of a single glycolysis run on one molecule of glucose creates two molecules of pyruvate and 2 ATP c) If you label C3 and C4 in glucose, after it is converted to lactate, you can't find any labeled carbons. please explain your answer(s)

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