The estrogen receptor is an important protein to mediate the actions of estrogens in target cells. It is hypothesized that estrogen receptor will form a dimer in the presence of estrogens. You are provided with the following materials: (i) The cDNA clone of the estrogen receptor; (ii) Yeast expression vector (selection marker: HIS3) with a partial gene encoding the DNA binding domain of the GAL4 transcriptional factor; (iii) Yeast expression vector (selection marker : TRP1) with a partial gene encoding the activation domain of the GAL4 transcriptional factor; (iv) Reporter yeast strain (defective in his3, trp1, ura3) with GAL1 promoter-URA3 and GAL1 promoter-lacz (GAL4 can activate GAL1 promoter); (v) Estrogens (vi) All chemicals for yeast cultivation and transformation; (vii) Chemicals for mutagenesis; and (viii) All other common laboratory chemicals and facilities. (a) Using yeast two-hybrid technology, design an experiment to test this hypothesis. (b) Suppose the hypothesis is correct, using a similar system, identify the amino acid residue(s) on the estrogen receptor that is/are essential for the binding of estrogens.
Gene Interactions
When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.
Gene Expression
Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.
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