The differential form of the Helmholtz free energy–for a closed, one-component system-is given below. dA = –P dV – SdT a) Starting from A U – TS, derive the above expression. b) Show that AA = AU – TAS. Be sure to clearly state any assumptions or conditions. c) The Helmholtz energy can be used to determine the spontaneity of a process in the same way as the Gibbs energy: at equilibrium, dA = -PdV – SdT +2 Hi dNi, dA = 0 Under what conditions and/or for what types of systems would it be easier to use the Helmholtz free energy, as opposed to the Gibbs free energy? Briefly explain. Hint: Another way to think of this question is, “Why do chemists and biochemists

The differential form of the Helmholtz free energy–for a closed, one-component system-is given below. dA = –P dV – SdT a) Starting from A U – TS, derive the above expression. b) Show that AA = AU – TAS. Be sure to clearly state any assumptions or conditions. c) The Helmholtz energy can be used to determine the spontaneity of a process in the same way as the Gibbs energy: at equilibrium, dA = -PdV – SdT +2 Hi dNi, dA = 0 Under what conditions and/or for what types of systems would it be easier to use the Helmholtz free energy, as opposed to the Gibbs free energy? Briefly explain. Hint: Another way to think of this question is, “Why do chemists and biochemists

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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what is the difference b/n spontaneity criterial of simple and non simple systems in terms of gibbs and helmholtz free energies?
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For each system listed in the first column of the table below, decide (if possible) whether the change described in the second column will increase the entropy S of the system, decrease S, or leave S unchanged. If you don't have enough information to decide, check the "not enough information" button in the last column. Note for advanced students: you may assume ideal gas and ideal solution behaviour. System Change AS AS 0 water and 250. mL of brine (very salty water). not enough information AS 0 both at 5 atm and 6° C. not enough information AS 0 not enough information OO O
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