The differential form of the Helmholtz free energy–for a closed, one-component system-is given below. dA = –P dV – SdT a) Starting from A U – TS, derive the above expression. b) Show that AA = AU – TAS. Be sure to clearly state any assumptions or conditions. c) The Helmholtz energy can be used to determine the spontaneity of a process in the same way as the Gibbs energy: at equilibrium, dA = -PdV – SdT +2 Hi dNi, dA = 0 Under what conditions and/or for what types of systems would it be easier to use the Helmholtz free energy, as opposed to the Gibbs free energy? Briefly explain. Hint: Another way to think of this question is, “Why do chemists and biochemists

The differential form of the Helmholtz free energy–for a closed, one-component system-is given below. dA = –P dV – SdT a) Starting from A U – TS, derive the above expression. b) Show that AA = AU – TAS. Be sure to clearly state any assumptions or conditions. c) The Helmholtz energy can be used to determine the spontaneity of a process in the same way as the Gibbs energy: at equilibrium, dA = -PdV – SdT +2 Hi dNi, dA = 0 Under what conditions and/or for what types of systems would it be easier to use the Helmholtz free energy, as opposed to the Gibbs free energy? Briefly explain. Hint: Another way to think of this question is, “Why do chemists and biochemists

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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