The conversion of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate into 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate reduces NAD⁺ to NADH. Under anaerobic conditions, how is NADH oxidized back to allow for continuing glycolysis? (Name the compounds involved in the reaction besides NADH and draw their structures.)

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Answered: The conversion of…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Under anaerobic conditions, pyruvate will be converted to lactic acid. Why does this occur? To convert NADH to NAD* to feed back into glycolysis To supply the glycolysis reaction glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate with needed electrons in the form of NADH Because lactic acid can be converted to glucose to feed back into glycolysis Because lactic acid is needed to resupply glycolysis with electrons O
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Determine the ATP production of glucose catabolism by glycolysis and Krebs Cycle using the following information: 1. Glycolysis: Net 2 ATP, 2 NADH + H+2. Pyruvate --> acetyl CoA: Produces 2 NADH + H+/glucose3. Krebs Cycle --> 2 FADH2 + 2 ATP + 6 NADH + H+/glucose 2.5 ATP are produced/NADH + H+ delivered electron to the electron transport system1.5 ATP are produced/FADH2 delivered electron to the electron transport system
Show the complete reaction mechanism (including arrow pushing) for this reaction.
upon digestion of starch maltose, one of its degradation products is further hydrolyzed into its monosaccharide components prior to intestinal absorption and entry into the glycolysis. calculate the number of ATP molecules produced from the digestion and complete oxidation of 1 molecule of maltose considering the glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle. question: 4. what is the total number of CO2 released right after the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex reaction
Organisms growing anaerobically cannot perform glycolysis for long without reducing the pyruvate from glycolysis into another compound, most commonly to lactate or to ethanol plus CO2. Both of these reactions are given below in their unbalanced forms. Explain in one sentence why one of these reducing steps is needed to sustain anaerobic glycolysis.
threose-4 phosphate (a 4 carbon aldose) is fed into glycolysis after a decarboxylation reaction that uses an NAD+ to generate a 3 carbon aldose. How many ATP and NADH are generated by breaking down this molecule to pyruvate?
A figure of the energy payoff phase of glycolysis is shown below. Look at the reaction labelled with a 6 (on the far left), which involves the conversion of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate. reduced? HC O CHOH CH₂O-P Glycer- aldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) 2 NADH 2 NAD+ + 2 H+ Triose phosphate 2 P₁ dehydrogenase Copyright © 2018 Pearson Canada Inc. P CHOH CH₂0-P 1,3-Bisphospho- glycerate 1,3- bisphosphoglycerate NADH NAD+ 2 ADP GLYCOLYSIS: Energy Payoff Phase Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate 2 ATP Phospho- glycerokinase 2 Which of the compounds is C=O CHOH H–CO- P Phospho- CH₂0-P glyceromutase CH₂OH 8 3-Phospho- glycerate C=O 2-Phospho- glycerate 2. ATP 2 ADP BYD Pyruvate kinase 10 2 H₂O Enolase 2 C=O CO-P CH2 Phosphoenol- pyruvate (PEP) CH3 Pyruvate
The phosphorylation and oxidative decarboxylation of oxaloacetate by inorganic phosphate (Pi) to make phosphoenolpyruvate and carbon dioxide is endergonic under intracellular conditions. It is characterized by this equation: Oxaloacetate + Pi ←→ Phosphoenolpyruvate + H2O + CO2 ΔG’ = +24.6 kJ/mol The synthesis of GTP from GDP and inorganic phosphate (Pi) in solution is endergonic under intracellular conditions, and it is characterized by this equation: GDP + Pi ←→ GTP + H2O ΔG’ = +30.5 kJ/mol Write a new net thermodynamically coupled reaction equation that describes the synthesis of phosphoenolpyruvate from oxaloacetate using the hydrolysis of GTP to power the reaction and calculate the new net ΔG’ of this reaction. Show all of your work.
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The conversion of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate into 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate reduces NAD+ to NADH. Under anaerobic conditions, how is NADH oxidized back to allow for continuing glycolysis? (name the compounds involved in the reaction besides NADH and their draw structures)