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- A symbiotic relationship where both of the coexisting species benefit from the interaction is called.__________ commensalism parasitism mutualism communismThe proteobacteria in the genus Pseudomonas are important spoilers of food. The rate at which food spoils is dependent on temperature. The data in the Figure show the relationship between the square root of the growth rate (how fast the population is growing per day; unitless) and the temperature of the culture. Does typical refrigeration (temperature lowered to 4C) appear sufficient to limit growth rate compared to room temperature (20C)?Which condition is the basis for a species to be re productively isolated from other members? It does not share its habitat with related species It does not exist out of a single habitat It does not exchange genetic information with other species It does not undergo evolutionary changes for a significant period of time.
- Explain the reason why the imprudent and excessive use of antibiotics has resulted in a major global problem.Testing Biological Control Biological control agents are used to battle red imported fire ants. Researchers have enlisted the help of Thelohania solenopsae, a natural enemy of the ants. This microsporidian (Section 23.4) is a parasite that infects ants and shrinks the ovaries of the colony's egg-producing female (the queen). As a result, a colony dwindles in numbers. Are these biological controls useful against imported fire ants? To find out, USDA scientists treated infested areas with either traditional pesticides or pesticides plus biological controls (both flies and the parasite). The scientists left some plots untreated as controls. FIGURE 45.16 shows the results. FIGURE 45.16 A comparison of two methods of controlling red imported fire ants. The graph shows the numbers of red imported fire ants over a 28-month period. Orange triangles represent untreated control plots. Green circles are plots treated with pesticides alone. Black squares are plots treated with pesticide and biological control agents (parasitoid flies and a microsporidian parasite). How did population size in the two types of treated plots change during this same interval?Testing Biological Control Biological control agents are used to battle red imported fire ants. Researchers have enlisted the help of Thelohania solenopsae, a natural enemy of the ants. This microsporidian (Section 23.4) is a parasite that infects ants and shrinks the ovaries of the colony's egg-producing female (the queen). As a result, a colony dwindles in numbers. Are these biological controls useful against imported fire ants? To find out, USDA scientists treated infested areas with either traditional pesticides or pesticides plus biological controls (both flies and the parasite). The scientists left some plots untreated as controls. FIGURE 45.16 shows the results. FIGURE 45.16 A comparison of two methods of controlling red imported fire ants. The graph shows the numbers of red imported fire ants over a 28-month period. Orange triangles represent untreated control plots. Green circles are plots treated with pesticides alone. Black squares are plots treated with pesticide and biological control agents (parasitoid flies and a microsporidian parasite). If this study had ended after the first year, would you conclude that biological controls had a major effect?
- The group Diplomonadida is characterized by: a. a mouthlike gullet and hairlike surface. Paramecium is anexample. b. flagella and a lack of mitochondria. Giardia is an example. c. nonmotility, parasitism, and sporelike infective stages. Toxoplasma is an example. d. switching between autotrophic and heterotrophic lifestyles. Euglena is an example. e. large protein deposits and movement by two flagella, which are part of an undulating membrane. Trypanosoma is an example.Bruce Ames and his colleagues have pointed out that although detailed toxicological analysis has been conducted on synthetic chemicals, almost no information is available about the mutagenic or carcinogenic effects of the toxins produced by plants as a natural defense against fungi, insects, and animal predators. Tens of thousands of such compounds have been discovered, and he estimates that in the United States adults eat about 1.5 g of these compounds each daylevels that are approximately 10,000 times higher than those of the synthetic pesticides present in the diet. For example, cabbage contains 49 natural pesticides and metabolites, and only a few of these have been tested for their carcinogenic and mutagenic effects. a. With the introduction of new foods into the U.S. diet over the last 200 years (mangoes, kiwi fruit, tomatoes, and so forth), has there been enough time for humans to develop resistance to the mutagenic effects of the toxins present in those foods? b. The natural pesticides present in plants constitute more than 99% of the toxins we eat. Should diet planning, especially for vegetarians, take into account the doses of toxins present in the diet?Which of the following is not a way that humans have increased the carrying capacity of the environment? agriculture using large amounts of natural resources domestication of animals use of language
