Shown below are two homologous lengths of the alpha and betachains of human hemoglobin. Consult a genetic code dictionary and determine how many amino acid substitutionsmay have occurred as a result of a single nucleotidesubstitution. For any that cannot occur as a result of a singlechange, determine the minimal mutational distance. Alpha: ala val ala his val asp asp met proBeta: gly leu ala his leu asp asn leu lys

Q: Sickle cell anemia is caused by a point mutation in the β-globin chain of hemoglobin. Glutamic acid…

A: Introduction : Haemoglobin is a tetrameric proteinmade up of 2 alpha subunits and 2 beta subunits…

Q: Explain why a point mutation does not necessarily change the oriignal amino acid sequence.  Explain…

A: A mutation refers to the alteration in the sequence of nucleotides in an organism’s DNA…

Q: A hypothetical protein found in humans, chimpanzees, and orangutans has the following sequences.…

A: Dashes '-' show sequence deletions; underlined variations 'Y' and 'K' between the species indicate…

Q: mitochondrial genes affecting tRNAs. For example, one form of MELAS (mitochondrial myopathy,…

A: Mitochondrial diseases ( MELAS) are a heterogeneous group of rare genetic disease  it is caused…

Q: type of mutation

A: If the sequence was mutated from CACGTAAAG to become CACCGTAAAG; single nucleotide insertion…

Q: n as1 mutant, assign secondary structure and tell how many alpha helices and beta-pleated sheets…

A: Primary Structure: It is defined as a linear sequence of amino acids joined to each other through a…

Q: A molecular geneticist hopes to find a gene in human liver cells that codes for an important…

A: With the help of the Human Genome Project, it has now become possible to sequence all of the genes…

Q: Disulfide bonds have been shown to stabilize proteins (i.e., make them less likely to unfold).…

A: Disulfide bonds are considered the covalent bond, which is formed between the two cysteine residues.…

Q: Describe how polymorphisms is found at 13910-C/T and 22018-G/A in the regulatory area of the lactase…

A: Lactose is the main sugar in milk, which is a disaccharide. It is hydrolyzed by intestinal lactase…

Q: Consider the following coding 71 nucleotide DNA template sequence (It does not contain a…

A: In cell protein formed according to the sequence on mRNA. mRNA is formed from DNA sequence by the…

Q: Explain

A: The question is asking to calculate the melting temperature (Tm) and the percentage of…

Q: What are the sequences of all the possibletripeptides that contain the amino acids aspartic acid,…

A: Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. They contain amino group, carboxyl group, and…

Q: What does the third position imply when it comes to tRNA wobble effect and what the wobble effect…

A: Wobble base pairing : It is a pairing between two nucleotides in RNA molecules . The four main…

Q: Which amino acid pair constitutes the hydrophobic patch on sickle cell hemoglobin that results in…

A: Sickle cell disease is caused due to inversion of one base pair (A -> T). Due to which, the sixth…

Q: В C as1 wild type as1 mutant as1 superimposed A

A: Alpha-helices and beta-sheets are called the secondary structures of the protein. Secondary…

Q: Hemoglobin is a complex protein that contains four polypeptide chains. The normal hemoglobin found…

A: On the basis of the given information, it can easily be concluded that the medical condition of…

Q: Metabolic syndrome is a genetic disorder with symptoms of hypertension. concentrations, and…

A: Metabolic syndrome is a medical condition characterized by a number of health problems, including…

Q: Refer to question 3 in More Genetic TIPS before answering thisquestion. Based on the…

A: The multiple sequence alignment is an alignment sequence of three or more than three biological…

Q: A normal polypeptide and a mutant of the polypeptide were hydrolyzed by an endopeptidase under the…

A: Chromatography is a useful technique to study the separation of amino acids. Paper chromatography is…

Q: Identify the type of mutation present in the CDS and discuss the implications on the protein.

A: Mutations are random alteration in the DNA structure which leads to mis-reading of Information on…

Q: Given that there are about 20,000 human genes, how can human cells make 75,00o-100,000 different…

A: Given questions: How human cells make different proteins Difference between missense and nonsense.…

Q: Sickle-cell anemia is a recessive autosomal disorderthat is caused by an amino acid substitution in…

A: The autosomal recessive disorder occurs as a result of the inheritance of two mutated genes that…

Q: A molecular geneticist hopes to find a gene in human liver cells that codes for an important…

A: The nucleotides sequence of the small part of the gene of interest is GTGGACTGACA as given in the…

Q: Although techniques are available for determining the sequences of amino acids in proteins, it is…

A: It is easier to sequence proteins indirectly by determining the base sequence of the gene for…

Q: What type of mutation is sickle cell anemia? Explain the molecular basis of sickle cell anemia.

A: Sickle cell anemia is an abnormal condition that arises due to the mutation in the beta-globin chain…

Q: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited disorder caused by different types of mutations, many of which…

A: CF is caused by a mutation in a gene called the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator…

Q: Identify the following mutations and describe what the possible effect on the protein will be. (4)…

A: Mutation in general refers to the change in one or more gene. Some are negligible while others can…

Q: HbS results from the substitution of valine forglutamic acid at the number 6 position in the b…

A: HbS is the result of a single base-pair mutation in the gene responsible for the beta-globin chain…

Q: Figure shows a part of the sequence alignment of human and whale myoglobin proteins. Please explain…

A: The condition represented in the sequence alignment is amino acid replacement. In amino-acid…

Mitochondrial Mutations

A mitochondrion is a cellular organelle that serves as the site for cellular respiration and energy production (ATP or Adenosine Triphosphate). It is a double-membrane-bound organelle and is only present in eukaryotic cells.