Identify the type of mutation present in the CDS and discuss the implications on the protein.

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
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Identify the type of mutation present in the CDS and discuss the implications on the protein. 

**CLUSTAL O (1.2.4) Multiple Sequence Alignment**

The image displays a multiple sequence alignment generated by the CLUSTAL O tool, version 1.2.4. This alignment compares two sequences: "wildtypeAS2" and "mutantAS2".

**Sequence Alignment Details:**

- Each line shows the alignment of DNA sequences from the "wildtypeAS2" and "mutantAS2."
- The numbers on the right indicate the nucleotide position in the sequence.
- The asterisks (*) below the sequences denote identical nucleotides in both sequences at that position.

**Alignment Segments:**

1. **First Segment:**
   - Aligns sequences from positions 1 to 60.
   - Perfect alignment from 1-60 nucleotides.

2. **Second Segment:**
   - Aligns sequences from positions 61 to 120.
   - Continuation of alignment, with all positions matching.

3. **Third Segment:**
   - Aligns sequences from positions 121 to 180 (167 for mutant).
   - Noticeable differences due to a deletion or mutation in the mutant sequence, especially highlighted in yellow.

4. **Fourth Segment:**
   - Aligns sequences from positions 181 to 240 (227 for mutant).
   - Fewer matches compared to previous segments.

5. **Remaining Segments:**
   - Continue to align up to 600 (587 for mutant), with a consistent pattern of mutations or deletions in the mutant sequence shown by fewer asterisks (*) in certain regions.

**Graphical Element:**

- The graphical alignment is shown with consistent denotation for matches (asterisks) and highlighting to indicate mutations or deletions.

This alignment helps in identifying mutations in the "mutantAS2" sequence relative to the "wildtypeAS2," useful in understanding genetic variations and their potential impact.
Transcribed Image Text:**CLUSTAL O (1.2.4) Multiple Sequence Alignment** The image displays a multiple sequence alignment generated by the CLUSTAL O tool, version 1.2.4. This alignment compares two sequences: "wildtypeAS2" and "mutantAS2". **Sequence Alignment Details:** - Each line shows the alignment of DNA sequences from the "wildtypeAS2" and "mutantAS2." - The numbers on the right indicate the nucleotide position in the sequence. - The asterisks (*) below the sequences denote identical nucleotides in both sequences at that position. **Alignment Segments:** 1. **First Segment:** - Aligns sequences from positions 1 to 60. - Perfect alignment from 1-60 nucleotides. 2. **Second Segment:** - Aligns sequences from positions 61 to 120. - Continuation of alignment, with all positions matching. 3. **Third Segment:** - Aligns sequences from positions 121 to 180 (167 for mutant). - Noticeable differences due to a deletion or mutation in the mutant sequence, especially highlighted in yellow. 4. **Fourth Segment:** - Aligns sequences from positions 181 to 240 (227 for mutant). - Fewer matches compared to previous segments. 5. **Remaining Segments:** - Continue to align up to 600 (587 for mutant), with a consistent pattern of mutations or deletions in the mutant sequence shown by fewer asterisks (*) in certain regions. **Graphical Element:** - The graphical alignment is shown with consistent denotation for matches (asterisks) and highlighting to indicate mutations or deletions. This alignment helps in identifying mutations in the "mutantAS2" sequence relative to the "wildtypeAS2," useful in understanding genetic variations and their potential impact.
Expert Solution
Step 1 Frame Shift mutations

Mutations are random alteration in the DNA structure which leads to mis-reading of Information on RNA and so effects the nature of protein that is to be translated finally.

There are many categories in which mutations can be classified.

Point mutations

Mis-sense mutations

Non-sense mutation

Conservative muattions

Non-conservative mutations

 

 

 

 

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