Revenue and expense data for Innovation Quarter Inc. for two recent years are as follows: Current Year Previous Year Sales $4,000,000 $3,600,000 Cost of goods sold 2,280,000 1,872,000 Selling expenses 600,000 648,000 Administrative expenses 520,000 360,000 Income tax expense 240,000 216,000 a. Prepare an income statement in comparative form, stating each item for both years as a percent of sales. Round to the nearest whole percentage. Innovation Quarter Inc. Comparative Income Statement For the Years Ended December 31 Current year Amount Current year Percent Previous year Amount Previous year Percent Sales $4,000,000 % $3,600,000 % Cost of goods sold (2,280,000) % (1,872,000) % $ % $ % Selling expenses $(600,000) % $(648,000) % Administrative expenses (520,000) % (360,000) % $ % $ % $ % $ % Income tax expense (240,000) % (216,000) % $ % $ % b. The vertical analysis indicates that the cost of goods sold as a percent of sales by 5 percentage points, while selling expenses by 3 percentage points, and administrative expenses by 3 percentage points. Thus, net income as a percent of sales by 5 percentage points.
Reporting Cash Flows
Reporting of cash flows means a statement of cash flow which is a financial statement. A cash flow statement is prepared by gathering all the data regarding inflows and outflows of a company. The cash flow statement includes cash inflows and outflows from various activities such as operating, financing, and investment. Reporting this statement is important because it is the main financial statement of the company.
Balance Sheet
A balance sheet is an integral part of the set of financial statements of an organization that reports the assets, liabilities, equity (shareholding) capital, other short and long-term debts, along with other related items. A balance sheet is one of the most critical measures of the financial performance and position of the company, and as the name suggests, the statement must balance the assets against the liabilities and equity. The assets are what the company owns, and the liabilities represent what the company owes. Equity represents the amount invested in the business, either by the promoters of the company or by external shareholders. The total assets must match total liabilities plus equity.
Financial Statements
Financial statements are written records of an organization which provide a true and real picture of business activities. It shows the financial position and the operating performance of the company. It is prepared at the end of every financial cycle. It includes three main components that are balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statement.
Owner's Capital
Before we begin to understand what Owner’s capital is and what Equity financing is to an organization, it is important to understand some basic accounting terminologies. A double-entry bookkeeping system Normal account balances are those which are expected to have either a debit balance or a credit balance, depending on the nature of the account. An asset account will have a debit balance as normal balance because an asset is a debit account. Similarly, a liability account will have the normal balance as a credit balance because it is amount owed, representing a credit account. Equity is also said to have a credit balance as its normal balance. However, sometimes the normal balances may be reversed, often due to incorrect journal or posting entries or other accounting/ clerical errors.
Vertical Analysis of Income Statement
Revenue and expense data for Innovation Quarter Inc. for two recent years are as follows:
| Current Year | Previous Year | |||
| Sales | $4,000,000 | $3,600,000 | ||
| Cost of goods sold | 2,280,000 | 1,872,000 | ||
| Selling expenses | 600,000 | 648,000 | ||
| Administrative expenses | 520,000 | 360,000 | ||
| Income tax expense | 240,000 | 216,000 |
a. Prepare an income statement in comparative form, stating each item for both years as a percent of sales. Round to the nearest whole percentage.
| Innovation Quarter Inc. | ||||
| Comparative Income Statement | ||||
| For the Years Ended December 31 | ||||
| Current year Amount |
Current year Percent |
Previous year Amount |
Previous year Percent |
|
| Sales | $4,000,000 | % | $3,600,000 | % |
| Cost of goods sold | (2,280,000) | % | (1,872,000) | % |
| $ | % | $ | % | |
| Selling expenses | $(600,000) | % | $(648,000) | % |
| Administrative expenses | (520,000) | % | (360,000) | % |
| $ | % | $ | % | |
| $ | % | $ | % | |
| Income tax expense | (240,000) | % | (216,000) | % |
| $ | % | $ | % |
b. The vertical analysis indicates that the cost of goods sold as a percent of sales by 5 percentage points, while selling expenses by 3 percentage points, and administrative expenses by 3 percentage points. Thus, net income as a percent of sales by 5 percentage points.
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