QUESTION 13 What is the mechanism by which microtubules can rapidly shrink, or undergo â catastrophe?â A At low levels of ATP, tubulin subunits are not added to the + end of the microtubule. B At low levels of GTP, beta-tubulin subunits at the + end of the microtubule hydrolyze GTP, undergo a conformational change, and destabilize the filament so that the filament starts to disassemble from the + end. C At low levels of GTP, tau proteins are phosphorylated and bind to the microtubule to destabilize the + end. D At high levels of GTP, tubulin subunits are more quickly added to the â end than to the + end of the microtubule, resulting in a shrinking + end of the microtubule. E At low levels of ATP, the microtubules rapidly disassemble since ADP-bound tubulin subunits are lost at both the + and â ends of the filament.
Gene Interactions
When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.
Gene Expression
Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.
QUESTION 13
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What is the mechanism by which microtubules can rapidly shrink, or undergo â catastrophe?â
A At low levels of ATP, tubulin subunits are not added to the + end of the microtubule.B At low levels of GTP, beta-tubulin subunits at the + end of the microtubule hydrolyze GTP, undergo a conformational change, and destabilize the filament so that the filament starts to disassemble from the + end.C At low levels of GTP, tau proteins are phosphorylated and bind to the microtubule to destabilize the + end.D At high levels of GTP, tubulin subunits are more quickly added to the â end than to the + end of the microtubule, resulting in a shrinking + end of the microtubule.E At low levels of ATP, the microtubules rapidly disassemble since ADP-bound tubulin subunits are lost at both the + and â ends of the filament.
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