Experiment I: Scientists took two types of human epithelial cells and placed them in an experimental system that could measure intracellular (IN) and extracellular concentration (OUT) of 3 substances: Na+, ATP and Glucose. Cell type A was nonmutant whereas cell type B had a mutation in a transmembrane protein. At the beginning, middle and end of the experiment, concentrations were measured for all three substances as shown below. Cell type A (non-mutant) Time IN [Na+] 0 10 ms 20 ms Concentration in mM 200- 150 150mM 25mM 150mM 100 Q1. Analyze the intracellular concentration changes in the table (above) and the graph (below left). Label the key at the bottom left. Graph the extracellular concentration changes in this data set using the graph below right and the same key. With cell image on bottom right, diagram what is happening using arrows and labels for the transported substance. And finally, at the bottom of the page describe what is happening using words i.e. powers the movement of in/out of the cell. Intracellular concentrations Extracellular concentrations 50 0 OUT [Na+] 15mM 140mM 15mM KEY 10 IN [ATP] 200mM 70mM 70mM Time in milliseconds 20 Concentration in mM 200 150 100 IN [Glu] 5mM 5mM 135mM 50 OUT [Glu] 200mM 200mM 55mM 0 10 Time in milliseconds 20

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Osmosis

In simple words, osmosis is the slow, gradual movement of a liquid through a membrane. But there are nuances to this process. For instance, there has to be an imbalance in the distribution of solute in the liquid on either side of the membrane, which has to be semipermeable. The liquid in the region with a lower solute concentration moves to the region with a higher concentration, thereby displacing the solution in the process. The objective is to equalize the concentration of molecules on both sides of the membrane; the displacement of liquid can be viewed as a byproduct of this equalization. Since there is no energy required to carry osmosis, it is considered a passive process.