Q1. You are required to design a carbon-based, eukaryotic, unicellular organism that contains membrane-bound organelles that match those on Earth. Describe specific structures and components that you would include in the cell wall, plasma membrane and internal cell membranes of your cell that would assist the cell's survival in the low temperatures and high pressure experienced on Kepler-28d. (200 words maximum) Answer here: Q2. It is critical that your cell contains the capacity to transport and traffic cellular components both intracellularly and extracellularly. To facilitate this you will need to develop an endomembrane system. Outline the function of the endomembrane system, including which organelles will be included within your endomembrane system. (200 words maximum) Answer here: Q3. Your cell must be able to synthesise its own proteins. Assuming the mechanism of transcription and translation remains unchanged from Earth-based organisms, describe how the trafficking of a linear polypeptide to the final export of the resulting protein will occur, based on the structure (i.e. organelles) and function of your endomembrane system (described in Q2). In your answer, ensure that you include the template for translation, the location of translation and the trafficking of the polypeptide for folding (primary, secondary and tertiary structures) and cellular export. (200 words maximum) Answer here: Q4. There is no bioavailable glucose or carbohydrates on Kepler-28d. Given the harsh conditions on Kepler-28d, describe how your cell will respire to generate ATP. In your answer, ensure that you include the essential organelles required for respiration and the relevant inputs and outputs of each organelle in the respiration pathway. (200 words maximum) Answer here: Q5. It’s important that the cell will colonise the planet over the long term. To facilitate this, your cell must be able to reproduce. Using Earth-based organisms as an example, you have three options for reproduction - binary fission, mitosis or meiosis. Which reproductive process will your cell employ that maximises genetic diversity? In your answer, ensure that you justify why you have chosen your preferred method, the ploidy level of the parental cells and how evolution will act on the genetic diversity in the population over the long term. Note gene flow is not possible. (200 words maximum)
Structure and Composition of Cell Membrane
Despite differences in structure and function, all living cells in multicellular organisms are surrounded by a cell membrane. Just like the outer layer of the skin separates the body from its environment similarly, the cell membrane, also known as 'plasma membrane,' separates the inner content from its exterior environment.
Cell Membrane
The cell membrane is known by different names like plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane, or biological membrane. The term "cell membrane" was first introduced by C. Nageli and C. Cramer in the year 1855. Later on, in 1931, the term "plasmalemma" for cell membrane was given by J. Plowe. The cell membrane separates the cell's internal environment from the extracellular space. This separation allows the protection of cells from their environment.
Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes
The cell is defined as the basic structural and functional unit of life. The cell membrane bounds it. It is capable of independent existence.
Q1. You are required to design a carbon-based, eukaryotic, unicellular organism that contains membrane-bound organelles that match those on Earth. Describe specific structures and components that you would include in the cell wall, plasma membrane and internal cell membranes of your cell that would assist the cell's survival in the low temperatures and high pressure experienced on Kepler-28d. (200 words maximum)
Answer here:
Q2. It is critical that your cell contains the capacity to transport and traffic cellular components both intracellularly and extracellularly. To facilitate this you will need to develop an endomembrane system. Outline the function of the endomembrane system, including which organelles will be included within your endomembrane system. (200 words maximum)
Answer here:
Q3. Your cell must be able to synthesise its own proteins. Assuming the mechanism of transcription and translation remains unchanged from Earth-based organisms, describe how the trafficking of a linear polypeptide to the final export of the resulting protein will occur, based on the structure (i.e. organelles) and function of your endomembrane system (described in Q2). In your answer, ensure that you include the template for translation, the location of translation and the trafficking of the polypeptide for folding (primary, secondary and tertiary structures) and cellular export. (200 words maximum)
Answer here:
Q4. There is no bioavailable glucose or carbohydrates on Kepler-28d. Given the harsh conditions on Kepler-28d, describe how your cell will respire to generate ATP. In your answer, ensure that you include the essential organelles required for respiration and the relevant inputs and outputs of each organelle in the respiration pathway. (200 words maximum)
Answer here:
Q5. It’s important that the cell will colonise the planet over the long term. To facilitate this, your cell must be able to reproduce. Using Earth-based organisms as an example, you have three options for reproduction - binary fission, mitosis or meiosis. Which reproductive process will your cell employ that maximises genetic diversity? In your answer, ensure that you justify why you have chosen your preferred method, the ploidy level of the parental cells and how evolution will act on the genetic diversity in the population over the long term. Note gene flow is not possible. (200 words maximum)
Answer here:
Please keep in mind each question and answer with inter-relatdness.
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for part 4 of the answer, there is no bioavailable glucose and carbohydrates, so keep in mind those conditions and answer that question?
by Bartleby Expertfor part 4 of the answer, there is no bioavailable glucose and carbohydrates, so keep in mind those conditions and answer that question?
by Bartleby Expert
