2011 Question #1: During an investigation of a fresh water lake, and AP Biology student discovers a previously unknown microscopic organism. Further study shows that the unicellular organism is eukaryotic. a. Identify four organelles that should be present in the eukaryotic organism and describe the function of each organelle. b. Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles found in eukaryotes. However, prokaryotes must perform many of the same functions as eukaryotes. For three of the organelles identified in part (a), explain how prokarytoic cells carry out the associated functions. c. According to the endosymbiotic theory, some organelles are believed to have evolved though a symbiotic relationship between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Describe three observations that support the endosymbiotic theory.
Structure and Composition of Cell Membrane
Despite differences in structure and function, all living cells in multicellular organisms are surrounded by a cell membrane. Just like the outer layer of the skin separates the body from its environment similarly, the cell membrane, also known as 'plasma membrane,' separates the inner content from its exterior environment.
Cell Membrane
The cell membrane is known by different names like plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane, or biological membrane. The term "cell membrane" was first introduced by C. Nageli and C. Cramer in the year 1855. Later on, in 1931, the term "plasmalemma" for cell membrane was given by J. Plowe. The cell membrane separates the cell's internal environment from the extracellular space. This separation allows the protection of cells from their environment.
Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes
The cell is defined as the basic structural and functional unit of life. The cell membrane bounds it. It is capable of independent existence.
Introduction
Organelles are small structures that work together in the cytoplasm to carry out life functions. Cell organelles come in a variety of shapes and sizes, each with its own set of functions.
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