Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDH kinase) catalyzes the phosphorylation of a specific Ser residue on the E1 subunit of the enzyme,rendering it inactive. One strategy to treat a pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency disease involves administering dichloroacetate, acompound that inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase. How might this strategy be effective?The activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex can be enhanced by inhibiting the kinase.O The activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex can be enhanced by phosphorylation.O The activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex can be enhanced by increasing concentrations of PDH kinase.O None of the above.

Pyruvate dehydrogenase catalyzes the link reaction between glycolysis and the TCA cycle. Pyruvate…

Answered: Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDH…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Fatty acids are activated for breakdown through the action of acyl-CoA synthestase. Which of the following statements regarding acyl-CoA synthetase is not true? ● It catalyzes the addition of CoA to the fatty acid One of the products of the reaction is ADP. O The free energy change for the reaction catalyzed by this reaction is close to 0 kJ/mol, but the subsequent hydrolysis of pyrophosphate drives the reaction forward. O The reaction results in the formation of a thioester bond.
Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-4 (PDK-4) is a widely expressed isoform of PDK and is responsible for inhibiting pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex activity via phosphorylation. When PDK-4 is active, the PDH complex is in its phosphorylated state and pyruvate cannot be converted into acetyl-CoA for entry into the citric acid cycle. Instead, in gluconeogenic tissues like liver and kidney, pyruvate is channeled to support gluconeogenesis. Conversely, when PDK-4 is inactive, the PDH complex readily converts pyruvate into acetyl-CoA. A researcher wants to determine the role of PDK-4 on blood glucose homeostasis. To accomplish this, she proposes to generate a PDK-4 knockout mouse using CRISPR technology. To create the knockout mouse, she must first generate PDK-4 knockout embryos to implant into pseudopregnant female mice. Arrange the steps to outline the process by which she will generate the PDK-4 knockout embryos. First step Last step Answer Bank Generate Cas9 mRNA and sgRNA specific to…
During Krebs cycle, the conversion of isocitrate to alpha-keto glutarate involves all of the following reactions/mechanisms except Reduction of isocitrate Reduction of NAD+ Decarboxylation of isocitrate Oxidation of isocitrate
The activity of the mammalian PDH complex is observed to decrease in mitochondria in thepresence of pyruvate when malonate is added to the preparation. How can the inhibition be relievedby addition of malate. Explain.
The first step of gluconeogenesis involves the carboxylation of pyruvate and has a large negative delta G (i.e very exergonic). Explain how it is possible that this step can be exergonic if we know that adding CO2 onto molecules is fundamentally a destabilizing phenomenon?
The following incorrect description of the HMS path is () A, 6-P-glucose can be converted into pentose phosphate through this pathway B. Four-carbon and seven-carbon sugars can be provided through this route C. For every mole of carbon dioxide produced when 6-P-glucose is converted to pentose phosphate, it also produces 1 mole of NADPH D, 6-P-glucose is decomposed in this way without consumption of ATP Among the following enzyme-catalyzed reactions that can generate substrate level phosphorylation to generate GTP are () A, hexokinase B, enolase C, succinate thiokinase D, succinate dehydrogenase The limiting factor of fatty acid synthesis in cell fluid is (). A, condensation enzyme B, hydration enzyme C, lipoacyl group transferase D, acetyl-CoA carboxylase Which of the following amino acids is an essential amino acid? () A.Thr B.Lys C.Met D.Arg
Which of the following catalyzes a step that does NOT produce CO2? Group of answer choices alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex malate dehydrogenase pyruvate dehydrogenase complex isocitrate dehydrogenase Citrate synthase is regulated by... Group of answer choices Concentrations of substrate and products Fructose-2,6-Bisphosphate Covalent modification Allosteric regulation by the levels of NADDH
A sample of glycogen from a patient with liver disease is incubated with Pi, normal glycogen phosphorylase, and normal debranching enzyme. The ratio of glucose 1-phophate to glucose in the reaction mixture is 100. What is the patient’s most likely enzymatic deficiency?
For the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, please identify the oxidation states of every atom and prove whether the reaction is oxidized or not Pyruvate --> Hydroxyethyl TPP B. Hydroexythl TPP --> Acetyl Lipoylysine C. Acetyl Lipoylysine --> Acetyl-CoA
1. The second high energy intermediate metabolite of glycolysis that can be used for substrate level phosphorylation is also a precursor molecule for the synthesis of several amino acids. Name 5 of these amino acids. 2. Explain the indirect effect that allosteric effectors have on pyruvate dehydrogenase activity through phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of components within the PDH-complex.
Activation of the fatty acid (converting it to fatty acyl-SCoA) requires the expenditure of 2 ATPs. Use your answers from parts B and C to calculate the total number of ATPs generated from the metabolism of a saturated fatty acid with 18 carbon atoms including both the citric acid cycle and the ββbeta-oxidation pathway as well as the initial ATP required to produce the acyl-SCoA molecule that starts the process. Express your answer as an integer.

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