A patient exhibiting all the symptoms of beriberi is placed on a thiamine-enriched diet; however, the symptoms do not disappear. Genetic screening suggests a defect in pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase. Briefly explain why the genetic defect caused beriberi symptoms andy why thiamine supplementation had no effect.

Q: Consider the complete oxidation of the fatty acid 15:14 1. How many cycles of oxidation are required…

A: Beta oxidation is the oxidation process of fatty acids by which they are generally broken down to…

Q: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is thought to be exacerbated by a diet heavy in sugar. Explain?

A: Introduction :- Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a condition in which excess fat…

Q: It has been suggested that a high-sugar diet may lead to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Explain?

A: Introduction: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a disorder where people who do not drink…

Q: Please explain the role of pantothenic acid-derived CoA as a carrier of acetyl group in carbohydrate…

A: Coenzyme A is required for the metabolism of carbohydrates. Pantothenic acid is the prescursor of…

Q: Elevated liver NADH levels favors gluconeogenesis.Explain this statement.

A: Gluconeogenesis is a pathway that requires an input of energy to take place (i.e. an anabolic…

Q: Name three enzymes and/or genes that you will evaluate in order to verify increased de novo…

A: Lipogenesis is a metabolic pathway in which conversion of acetyl CoA to triglycerides happen. It…

Q: Acetolactate synthase is another TPP-requiring enzyme. It transfers the acyl group of pyruvate to…

A: Introduction Acetolactate synthase is a catalytic enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of…

Q: Please explain the concept of a "feed-forward" mechanism and provide an example of this in the…

A: In a feed-forward activation, a metabolite produced early in the pathway activates the enzyme that…

Q: What is the effect of a defective a(1→ 4) phosphatase in Pompe's disease (GSD II)? O Accumulation of…

A: Glycogen Storage Disease type II , also called Pompe's disease occurs to due to the deficiency of…

Q: Cori’s disease, is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder that is characterized by defects in the…

A: Cori’s disease, is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder that is characterized by defects in the…

Q: For the conditions below relating to Glycogenolysis, explain how glucose release would be affected.…

A: Glycogenolysis is a significant metabolic pathway. It entails the conversion of glycogen into…

Q: The acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency diseases are a groupof inherited defects that impair the…

A: Enzymes are the type of protein that acts as biological catalysts. It speeds the rate of reaction…

Q: Elevated liver NADH levels favors gluconeogenesis. Explain this statement?  It is mentioned that a…

A: Gluconeogenesis- It is a metabolic pathway that results in the generation of glucose from…

Q: A high-sucrose diet is said to increase the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Explain?

A: Sucrose is a simple form of disaccharide, commonly known as table sugar. Sucrose acts as the general…

Q: The antidiabetes drugs known as thiazolidinediones induce the production of glycerol kinase in…

A: Thiazolidinedione’s are a class of medicines that can be used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.…

Q: Can you please pick the right answer in each parentheses?   Cholesterol levels in human serum are…

A: Cholesterol refers to the fat-like substance produced by the liver (also obtained from the diet). It…

Q: Not being able to inhibit pyruvate dehydrogenase, despite high levels of NADH or ATP, could cause…

A: pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is the enzyme complex which convert pyruvate to Acetyl CoA, NADH2 AND…

Q: Give the process/pathway where each of the following enzymes is involved.

A: Fatty acid are carboxylic acid with hydrocarbon side chain. Fatty acid can be synthesized by de novo…

Q: Ribose-5-phosphate is produced by oxidative decarboxylation of 6-phosphogluconate catalyzed by the…

A: Above questions is from PENTOSE PHOSPHATE PATHWAY.

Q: A higher concentration of NADH in the liver is associated with an increase in gluconeogenesis. Your…

A: NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is a coenzyme that plays a critical role in many cellular…

Q: Which precursors accumulate in patients with niacin deficiency. What effect does this deficiency…

A: Niacin is a precursor to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and nicotinamide adenine…

Q: Glucogenic amino acids degrade carbon skeleton to pyruvate or oxaloacetate while ketogenic amino…

A: The primary energy source for muscular exercise is muscle glycogen, but other fuels can offer…

Q: Why is the lactic acid test done when sepsis is suspected?  Explain why the body produces excess…

A: During sepsis, the serum level of lactate rises above 2 millimoles/Litre.The serum lactate levels…

Q: Please answer the following questions 1. Give the substrate for each of the following enzymes: a.…

A: The substrate is a molecule that acts upon the enzyme and forms an enzyme-substrate complex and…

Q: Describe one mechanism that leads to continued gluconeogenesis in the liver of T1DM patients,…

A: Diabetes mellitus is not a single disorder, it represents a series of metabolic conditions…

Q: In 3-4 sentences, briefly explain how lactate is formed, the biological effect of lactate, and…

A: NOTE: As per our honor code, we are allowed to answer only one question at a time. Since you have…

Q: Identify if SN1, SN2 and so forth. Catabolism of triacylglycerols- beta-oxidation pathway…

A: SN1 and SN2 are common reactions in organic chemistry. SN1 (substitution nucleophilic unimolecular)…

Q: Name and explain in detail one pathological condition/state in which the activity of succinate…

A: The citric acid cycle and the respiratory electron transfer chain contain succinate dehydrogenase.…

Q: Please explain gluconeogenesis. What is it? Where does it occur and why?

A: Gluconeogenesis is a very crucial process in organisms. It plays a vital role in providing energy to…

Q: Define a ketogenic diet and give an example of a ketogenic meal. Explain why ketone supplements…

A: Introduction Cancer is a disease that develops when cells divide uncontrolled and spread throughout…

Q: In own words, give 5 or more reasons why most of the clinical features of the diseases…

A: Mitochondria are an essential component of eukaryotic cells, and their failure has been linked to a…

Q: What is the physiologic significance of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex?What's the biochemical basis…

A: Hi! As you have asked multiple questions, we are answering only the first two for you. If you need…

Q: Strategies for regulating the central pathways in carbohydrate metabolism vary among different cells…

A: Biochemical pathways are chains of chemical reactions involving enzymes that utilize the product…

Q: High amount of citrate decreases the activity of fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase. True or False

A: Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatse enzyme participates in gluconeogenesis and gluconeogenesis is a pathway…

Q: State the steps of ketone body formation, starting with two acetyl CoA.  Please make sure to state…

A: Acetyl-CoA formed during oxidation of fatty acids in the liver, either enter the citric acid cycle…

Q: Name some HMG CoA reductase inhibitors? Please answer at your own words.

A: HMG-CoA Reductase (3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA) is the rate-limiting enzyme of the cholesterol…

Q: Briefly describe the role and location of each cofactor/coenzyme involved in the pyruvate…

A: Pyruvate is the end product of glycolysis. Under aerobic conditions, pyruvate is oxidised into…

Metabolic pathways

Metabolism is defined as the group of life-supporting, enzyme-mediated chemical reactions in organisms. A metabolic pathway is a set of these chemical reactions that involve anabolism (synthesis of complex biomolecules) and catabolism (breakdown of biomolecules into small molecules) that occur inside a cell. Metabolites are the reacting substances, products, and intermediate substances of an enzymatic process that are altered by a series of chemical events catalyzed by enzymes.