PROVISIONAL LEWIS STRUCTURES T01/S01 For each provisional structure, identify if it is the correct Lewis structure (C) or if it needs to be modified according to procedure MA or MB to obtain the correct Lewis structure. MA. Form multiple bonds to the central atom using lone pair on the terminal atom(s) until the central atom has an octet (or septet). MB. Form multiple bonds to the central atom using lone pair on the terminal atom(s) until the central atom has formal charge of zero (0) or until two double bonds are formed. A provisional structure has the valence electrons distributed in order as (1) a bond between each pair of atoms, (2) an octet for each ligand (terminal) atom or ligand group (CH3, NH2 or OH) and (3) any remaining electrons on the central atom.
Formal Charges
Formal charges have an important role in organic chemistry since this concept helps us to know whether an atom in a molecule is neutral/bears a positive or negative charge. Even if some molecules are neutral, the atoms within that molecule need not be neutral atoms.
Polarity Of Water
In simple chemical terms, polarity refers to the separation of charges in a chemical species leading into formation of two polar ends which are positively charged end and negatively charged end. Polarity in any molecule occurs due to the differences in the electronegativities of the bonded atoms. Water, as we all know has two hydrogen atoms bonded to an oxygen atom. As oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen thus, there exists polarity in the bonds which is why water is known as a polar solvent.
Valence Bond Theory Vbt
Valence bond theory (VBT) in simple terms explains how individual atomic orbitals with an unpaired electron each, come close to each other and overlap to form a molecular orbital giving a covalent bond. It gives a quantum mechanical approach to the formation of covalent bonds with the help of wavefunctions using attractive and repulsive energies when two atoms are brought from infinity to their internuclear distance.
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