Catalysis and Enzymatic Reactions
Catalysis is the kind of chemical reaction in which the rate (speed) of a reaction is enhanced by the catalyst which is not consumed during the process of reaction and afterward it is removed when the catalyst is not used to make up the impurity in the product. The enzymatic reaction is the reaction that is catalyzed via enzymes.
Lock And Key Model
The lock-and-key model is used to describe the catalytic enzyme activity, based on the interaction between enzyme and substrate. This model considers the lock as an enzyme and the key as a substrate to explain this model. The concept of how a unique distinct key only can have the access to open a particular lock resembles how the specific substrate can only fit into the particular active site of the enzyme. This is significant in understanding the intermolecular interaction between proteins and plays a vital role in drug interaction.
![**Provide the reaction mechanisms** outlined in the two hand-drawn examples below.
**Example 1:**
- The reaction involves a mechanism with a hydroxide ion (\[OH^-\]) and hydrobromic acid (\[HBr\]).
- The hydroxide ion attacks the hydrogen atom, forming water (\[H_2O\]).
- The bromide ion (\[Br^-\]) leaves, resulting in the formation of a new molecule, 2-butanol, along with water and bromide ions as products.
**Example 2:**
- The reaction involves the tert-butoxide ion (\[tBuO^-\]) and hydrogen bromide (\[HBr\]).
- The tert-butoxide ion abstracts a proton (\[H^+\]) from the starting compound, forming a double bond and resulting in an elimination reaction.
- The final product is an alkene (2-methylpropene) along with tert-butanol and a bromide ion as byproducts.
These examples illustrate classic organic reaction mechanisms involving nucleophilic substitution and elimination pathways.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fcc93dddb-7061-4a7e-95ca-449ae1bad670%2F2313427a-56a6-41ab-9559-dae1ef54764a%2F10uhq9o_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
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