Classes Of Functional Groups
Organic Chemistry deals mostly with carbon and hydrogens, also called hydrocarbons, but those groups which replace hydrogen and bonds with carbon to give a characteristic nature, unique of their own, to the hydrocarbon they are attached to, are called functional groups. All the compounds belonging to a functional group undergo reactions in a similar pattern and are known to have similar physical and chemical properties.
Characteristics Of Functional Groups
In organic chemistry, we encounter a number of special substituent groups which are attached to the hydrocarbon backbone. These groups impart certain characteristics to the molecule of which it is a part of and thus, become the highlight of that particular molecule.
IUPAC Nomenclature
In Chemistry, IUPAC stands for International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry which suggested a systematic naming approach for the organic and inorganic compounds, as in the beginning stage of nomenclature one single chemical compound was named in many ways by which lead to confusion. The need for this approach aroused as the number of chemical compounds newly discovered were increasing (approximately 32 million compounds) and the basic concept of nomenclature i.e. the trivial nomenclature and the derived system of nomenclature failed to overcome the challenge. It is an important task to name a chemical compound systematically and unambiguously which reduces lots of confusion about the newly reported compounds.
What's the mechanism?
![### Transcription and Explanation of Chemical Reaction
**Chemical Reaction:**
\[ \text{Reactant 1:} \]
- Structure: An aromatic ring with an iodine (I) substituent and a side chain consisting of an amine group (NH₂) attached to a two-carbon chain.
- Description: This is a meta-substituted iodo-benzylamine.
\[ \text{Plus (+)} \]
\[ \text{Reactant 2:} \]
- Formula: CH₃CHO
- Description: Acetaldehyde, an organic compound with the formula CH₃CHO.
**Reaction Conditions:**
- Reagent: H₂SO₄
- Role: Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) acts as a catalyst for the reaction.
**Reaction Outcome:**
\[ \text{Product:} \]
- Structure: A bicyclic compound with iodine (I) attached to the aromatic ring, a methyl (CH₃) group, and a nitrogen atom bonded within a newly formed heterocyclic amine structure.
- Description: The product is a bicyclic aromatic compound featuring an indole structure.
### Explanation:
The image illustrates a chemical reaction in which a benzylamine derivative reacts with acetaldehyde in the presence of sulfuric acid to form a bicyclic amine. Sulfuric acid serves as a catalyst, promoting the cyclization and formation of the indole product. This type of reaction is common in organic synthesis for constructing complex bicyclic structures.
The diagram helps visualize the transformation from simple reactants to a more complex fused ring system, indicating how substituents like iodine and methyl groups are positioned in the product.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F91277f70-1158-4ed8-b43a-68abff16ddb2%2F28af62aa-4a35-4ad1-8e66-f4329d6ba9b8%2Fuo882q_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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