Proteins play many different and important roles in the body. Explain how all of the types of proteins within the body are similar and how they are different. Then, describe if all cells are able to code for proteins.
Proteins play many different and important roles in the body. Explain how all of the types of proteins within the body are similar and how they are different. Then, describe if all cells are able to code for proteins.
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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Proteins play many different and important roles in the body. Explain how all of the types of proteins within the body are similar and how they are different. Then, describe if all cells are able to code for proteins.
Transcribed Image Text:**Proteins**
Proteins are abundant in living systems. They are involved in almost all aspects of a cell's ability to maintain homeostasis. Different types of proteins include enzymes, transport proteins, hormones, structural proteins, defense proteins, storage proteins, and contractile proteins. Due to the differences in their structure, proteins perform various functions including carrying substances throughout the body, constructing new structures, aiding in digestion, and coordinating the activities of the body. All cells build diverse proteins using the same building blocks of amino acids. There are 20 different amino acids that can be combined to make a protein. Structural similarities within amino acids allow for protein synthesis to be a regulated process, while differences within amino acids allow for interactions that create unique protein structures. An amino acid attaches to another amino acid by a peptide bond, forming a peptide. Polypeptides are formed when many amino acids link together to form a chain. Proteins are created as amino acids in one or more polypeptide chemically interact, fold, and create their three-dimensional structure. The diagram shows the formation of a protein.
The diagram illustrates the formation process of a protein:
1. **Amino acids:** These are represented as individual, colored dots, symbolizing the 20 different amino acids.
2. **Peptide:** Amino acids link together to form a peptide, shown as connected dots.
3. **Polypeptide:** Multiple peptides linked together form a polypeptide, depicted as a longer chain of connected dots.
4. **Protein:** Finally, the polypeptide folds into a complex structure, demonstrating how proteins achieve their functional three-dimensional form.
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