please draw anr label the 20 amino acids found in proteins as they would exist in an aqueous solution at pH=7.4
Enzyme kinetics
In biochemistry, enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts. Catalysis is the addition of a catalyst to a chemical reaction to speed up the pace of the reaction. Catalysis can be categorized as either homogeneous or heterogeneous, depending on whether the catalysts are distributed in the same phase as that of the reactants. Enzymes are an essential part of the cell because, without them, many organic processes would slow down and thus will affect the processes that are important for cell survival and sustenance.
Regulation of Enzymes
A substance that acts as a catalyst to regulate the reaction rate in the living organism's metabolic pathways without itself getting altered is an enzyme. Most of the biological reactions and metabolic pathways in the living systems are carried out by enzymes. They are specific for their works and work in particular conditions. It maintains the best possible rate of reaction in the most stable state. The enzymes have distinct properties as they can proceed with the reaction in any direction, their particular binding sites, pH specificity, temperature specificity required in very few amounts.
Amino acids are biomolecules that have an amino group and a carboxyl group linked to the same carbon called alpha carbon. Other than the amino and carboxyl groups, amino acids have a side chain linked to the alpha carbon. Amino acids differ from each other in the side group that is linked to the alpha carbon. There are more than 200 amino acids found in nature but only 20 amino acids are found in nearly all proteins.
Based on the chemical nature of the side groups, these 20 amino acids can be classified into the following:
- Non-polar aliphatic: side chains are aliphatic, not ionizable and hydrophobic (do not form hydrogen bonds with water).
- Aromatic side group: side chains have an aromatic group. Tyrosine has an ionisable side group.
- Polar uncharged: non-ionisable side group that forms a hydrogen bond with water (hydrophilic). Cysteine can ionise at high pH.
- Charged: have ionizable charged groups that are hydrophilic
- Positively charged: side chain has an ionizable group that is positively charged at neutral pH. They are also called basic amino acids
- Negatively charged: side chain has an ionizable group that is negatively charged at neutral pH. They are also called acidic amino acids
Step by step
Solved in 3 steps with 3 images
