Please answer. 1. What is simple strain? 2. Derive the formula of deflection using simple strain.
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- The figure below shows a hollow circular beam with an outside diameter of 150 mm and a wall thickness of 50 mm loaded in bending with force F = 400 kN. F Ra Rb 1 m 1 m Young's modulus of the beam is 95 GPa. Calculate the second moment of area, I, in m4 in the form a x 10 6 where the number a is correct to two decimal places. I: x10-°m4 Calculate the maximum bending moment, M, in kilonewtonmetres (kNm): M: kNm Calculate the maximum bending stress, o, in megapascals (MPa) correct to two decimal places. MPa1. Define the Kinematic Analysis, 2. What are the fundamental structures? Give an example for each one. 3. Define the Strain and write its formula? and briefly explain the types of strain? 4. Draw one or several diagram(s) to illustrate the terms: fold wavelength, fold amplitude, hinge line, axial plane. 5. Draw one or two diagram(s) to illustrate the difference between buckling by flexural shear and orthogonal flexure. 6. How would you explain the differences between thrust fault and Reverse faults? Are their kinematics in any way similar to Normal faulting and Strike Slip? 245 Cuう2. A circular tube is subjected to torsion by torques T applied at the ends. The bar is 0.75 m long and the inside and outside diameter are 35 mm and 46 mm respectively. It is determined by measurement that the angle of twist is 3.20 degrees when the torque is 600 N-m. (a) Calculate the maximum shear stress in the tube. (b) Calculate the shear modulus of elasticity. (c) Calculate the maximum shear strain in radians.
- 2. An elastic rod of 25mm in diameter, 200mm long extends by 0.25mm under a tensile load of 40kN. Find the intensity of stress, the strain and the elastic modulus for the material of the rod.The length of a wire increases from 1.25 m to 1.2508 m when a load of 12 kg is suspended. The radius of the wire is 0.5 mm. Find the stress, strain and young's modulus of material of the wire. Draw a free body diagram.1. The greatest tensile stress that steel of a particular sort can withstand without breaking is about 10⁹ N m². A wire of a cross-sectional area 0.01 mm² is made of this steel. What is the greatest force that it can withstand? 2. Find the minimum diameter of an alloy cable, tensile strength 75 MPa, needed to support a load of 15 KN? 3. Calculate the tensile stress in a suspension bridge supporting cable, of a diameter of 50 mm, which pulls up on the roadway with a force of 4 kN.
- Derive the following equation for computing shear stress in a solid bar along an oblique plane with angle B with respect to the vertical plane. The bar is subjected to centric axial loading. sin 0 cos 0 T = Ao1. Elastic Stress Distributions in a Single Cylinder a) At an operating pressure of 200 MPa, calculate using Lame's equations the radial and circumferential stresses at the cylinder bore and the outer surface. Graphically present (sketch) the general form of variation of each of these stresses across the cylinder wall, clearly indicating the calculated values at the cylinder bore and at the outer surface.Sketch two more stress-strain diagrams, again one for a ductile material and one for a brittle material. Draw the stress-strain diagrams so that the modulus of toughness for the brittle material is greater than the modulus of toughness for the ductile material.
- .. If failure occurs in tension, why is shear important ? Why is torsional load called pure shear. 2. Derive the torsion forumula Тр J What are the assumptions made in arriving at this formula.An element of material is deformed as depicted in the figure. Assuming that the modulus of rigidity....In uniaxial loading the poisson's ratio is 0.30 and the strain in the x- direction is 250 x 10^-6 . What is the strain in the z- direction?