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P3D.2 In biological cells, the energy released by the oxidation of foods is stored in adenosine triphosphate (ATP or ATP“).The essence of ATP's action is its ability to lose its terminal phosphate group by hydrolysis and to form adenosine diphosphate (ADP or ADP): ATP* (aq) + H,O() → ADP* (aq) + HPO (aq) + H,O*(aq) At pH = 7.0 and 37°C (310K, blood temperature) the enthalpy and Gibbs energy of hydrolysis are A,H =-20kJ mol and A,G=-31 kJ mol", respectively. Under these conditions, the hydrolysis of 1 mol ATP“(aq) results in the extraction of up to 31kJ of energy that can be used to do non- expansion work, such as the synthesis of proteins from amino acids, muscular contraction, and the activation of neuronal circuits in our brains. (a) Calculate and account for the sign of the entropy of hydrolysis of ATP at pH = 7.0 and 310K. (b) Suppose that the radius of a typical biological cell is 10µm and that inside it 1x 10ʻ ATP molecules are hydrolysed each second. What is the power density of the cell in watts per cubic metre (1 W = 1 J s')? A computer battery delivers about 15 W and has a volume of 100 cm'. Which has the greater power density, the cell or the battery? (c) The formation of glutamine from glutamate and ammonium ions requires 14.2kJ mol of energy input. It is driven by the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP mediated by the enzyme glutamine synthetase. How many moles of ATP must be hydrolysed to form 1 mol glutamine?

P3D.2 In biological cells, the energy released by the oxidation of foods is stored in adenosine triphosphate (ATP or ATP“).The essence of ATP's action is its ability to lose its terminal phosphate group by hydrolysis and to form adenosine diphosphate (ADP or ADP): ATP* (aq) + H,O() → ADP* (aq) + HPO (aq) + H,O*(aq) At pH = 7.0 and 37°C (310K, blood temperature) the enthalpy and Gibbs energy of hydrolysis are A,H =-20kJ mol and A,G=-31 kJ mol", respectively. Under these conditions, the hydrolysis of 1 mol ATP“(aq) results in the extraction of up to 31kJ of energy that can be used to do non- expansion work, such as the synthesis of proteins from amino acids, muscular contraction, and the activation of neuronal circuits in our brains. (a) Calculate and account for the sign of the entropy of hydrolysis of ATP at pH = 7.0 and 310K. (b) Suppose that the radius of a typical biological cell is 10µm and that inside it 1x 10ʻ ATP molecules are hydrolysed each second. What is the power density of the cell in watts per cubic metre (1 W = 1 J s')? A computer battery delivers about 15 W and has a volume of 100 cm'. Which has the greater power density, the cell or the battery? (c) The formation of glutamine from glutamate and ammonium ions requires 14.2kJ mol of energy input. It is driven by the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP mediated by the enzyme glutamine synthetase. How many moles of ATP must be hydrolysed to form 1 mol glutamine?

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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P3D.2 In biological cells, the energy released by the oxidation of foods is stored in adenosine triphosphate (ATP or ATP“).The essence of ATP's action is its ability to lose its terminal phosphate group by hydrolysis and to form adenosine diphosphate (ADP or ADP): ATP* (aq) + H,O() → ADP* (aq) + HPO (aq) + H,O*(aq) At pH = 7.0 and 37°C (310K, blood temperature) the enthalpy and Gibbs energy of hydrolysis are A,H =-20kJ mol and A,G=-31 kJ mol", respectively. Under these conditions, the hydrolysis of 1 mol ATP“(aq) results in the extraction of up to 31kJ of energy that can be used to do non- expansion work, such as the synthesis of proteins from amino acids, muscular contraction, and the activation of neuronal circuits in our brains. (a) Calculate and account for the sign of the entropy of hydrolysis of ATP at pH = 7.0 and 310K. (b) Suppose that the radius of a typical biological cell is 10µm and that inside it 1x 10ʻ ATP molecules are hydrolysed each second. What is the power density of the cell in watts per cubic metre (1 W = 1 J s')? A computer battery delivers about 15 W and has a volume of 100 cm'. Which has the greater power density, the cell or the battery? (c) The formation of glutamine from glutamate and ammonium ions requires 14.2kJ mol of energy input. It is driven by the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP mediated by the enzyme glutamine synthetase. How many moles of ATP must be hydrolysed to form 1 mol glutamine?
Transcribed Image Text:P3D.2 In biological cells, the energy released by the oxidation of foods is stored in adenosine triphosphate (ATP or ATP“).The essence of ATP's action is its ability to lose its terminal phosphate group by hydrolysis and to form adenosine diphosphate (ADP or ADP): ATP* (aq) + H,O() → ADP* (aq) + HPO (aq) + H,O*(aq) At pH = 7.0 and 37°C (310K, blood temperature) the enthalpy and Gibbs energy of hydrolysis are A,H =-20kJ mol and A,G=-31 kJ mol", respectively. Under these conditions, the hydrolysis of 1 mol ATP“(aq) results in the extraction of up to 31kJ of energy that can be used to do non- expansion work, such as the synthesis of proteins from amino acids, muscular contraction, and the activation of neuronal circuits in our brains. (a) Calculate and account for the sign of the entropy of hydrolysis of ATP at pH = 7.0 and 310K. (b) Suppose that the radius of a typical biological cell is 10µm and that inside it 1x 10ʻ ATP molecules are hydrolysed each second. What is the power density of the cell in watts per cubic metre (1 W = 1 J s')? A computer battery delivers about 15 W and has a volume of 100 cm'. Which has the greater power density, the cell or the battery? (c) The formation of glutamine from glutamate and ammonium ions requires 14.2kJ mol of energy input. It is driven by the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP mediated by the enzyme glutamine synthetase. How many moles of ATP must be hydrolysed to form 1 mol glutamine?
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