One gram of cultured human cells contains about 109 cells and occupies roughly 1 mL. If the average molecular mass of a base pair is 660 daltons and each cell contains 6.4 x 109 bp, what mass of DNA is present in this one-gram sample? If all the DNA molecules in the sample were laid end to end to form a single thread, would it be long enough to reach from the Earth to the Moon (385,000 kilometers)?

Q: Calculate the mass in grams of a double helical DNA molecule stretching from the earth to the moon…

A: We need to determine the mass of base pairs needed to go from Earth to the Moon based on the…

Q: Which molecule in the gel is the smallest - A, B, C, or D? Explain how you determined this. B)…

A:

Q: One gram of cultured human cells contains about 10^9 cells and occupies roughly 1 mL. if the average…

A: 1 gram cells = 109 cells 1 cell = 6.4×109 bp per cell 1 bp molecular weight = 660 daltons

Q: DNA molecules of different sizes are often separated with the use of a technique called…

A: Electrophoresis is a technique that is used to separate molecules based on their sizes.

Q: A DNA fragment with 450 bp will be closer to the top (negative pole) of an electrophoresis gel than…

A: Friedrich Meischer discovered nucleic acids from the nuclei of pus cells and coined the term…

Q: A circular double-stranded DNA molecule contains 4200 base pairs. In solution, the molecule is in a…

A: A higher-order DNA structure is defined by DNA supercoiling. DNA's double-helical structure involves…

Q: If DNA concentration is 2 grams, what would be the molar concentration of human DNA in a human cell?

A: Molar concentration is sometimes referred to as molarity, concentrations of an amount, or content of…

Q: You have a sample of genetic material. The nitrogenous base content is 29% guanine. a) If the…

A:

Q: If a human nucleus is 10 mm in diameter, and it must hold as much as 2 m of DNA, which is complexed…

A: The nucleus is the main membrane-bound cell organelle present in the eukaryotic cell, its structure…

Q: A human chromosome (During Mitosis) is 4 µm long but contains 16 mm of DNA. What is the packing…

A: There are a few important points. DNA will exist in a nucleoprotein complex known as chromatin. A…

Q: The length of a DNA molecule is 680 nm when the DNA molecule is in B-conformation. How many helical…

A: The A-form & B-form are two possible conformations for DNA, the genetic material of living…

Q: The following list of proteins are found in a mixture and are to be separated by 2D gel…

A: In 2D gel electrophoresis, is a 2 step-based separation of protein.  In the first dimension, the…

Q: You isolate nuclei from three different eukaryotic species. You treat the samples in exactly the…

A: The aberrant digestion pattern of micrococal Nuclease is the cause of the variation in DNA banding…

Q: The complementary strands of DNA in the double helixare held together by hydrogen bonds: G ≡ C or A…

A: DNA double helix is formed by the hydrogen bonds formed between the base pairs. Adenines forms two…

Q: How would the appearance of your DNA gel change if a 0.1% agarose gel slab was used? What about a 7%…

A: If 0.1% agarose gel slab was used then DNA cannot be seen clearly, it will break.Low…

Q: A) Draw the structure and give the name of a nucleotide made of G + ribose. B) Write the…

A: Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymer of ribonucleotides that participate in diverse biological roles…

Q: The estimated half-life for P-O bonds is 1.3 x 105 a (a = annum = year). Approximately 109 such…

A: DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA are two examples of nucleic acids (Ribonucleic acid). To…

Q: If the DNA of one human cell is stretched out, it would be almost 6 feet long and contain over three…

A: DNA  DNA is the hereditary unit of an organism which transfer from parents to their offsprings. It…

Q: A DNA segment has a total of 1000 nucleotides, out of which 240 of them are adenine containing…

A: Introduction: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the molecule that transmits genetic codes for an…

Q: One strand of a double-helical DNA has the sequence (5’)GCTCAATATTTCTCAAAAT ATTGCGC(3’). Write the…

A: The central dogma of molecular biology is the metabolic process in which the double-helical…

Q: Assuming the average weight of a deoxynucleotide monophosphate (dNMP) is 327.0 g/mol, how many…

A: Nucleic acids primarily act as transmitters and stores genetic information. DNA is the chemical…

Q: Choose all of the statements that correctly describe the base pairs drawn below. A C -O -H-N B D…

A: The four bases that make up DNA are adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T), while…

Q: What would happen to the base pairing of DNA if we removed the van der Waals dispersion forces?…

A: One may visualize the DNA structure as a spiraling ladder. The structure seen in the above image is…

Q: Put the following pieces of DNA in order that they would appear reading from the top (nearest the…

A: First of all lets convert all of them into single unit 1kb = 1000bp So, 21000bp =21kb 10000bp = 10kb…

Q: You dilute 10 µL of your isolated DNA with 90 µL of water. You then measure and record the…

A: To calculate the concentration of the plasmid DNA in μg/mL, we can use the following…

Q: The ratio of (A+T) to (G+C) in a particular DNA is 1.0.  Is this sufficient data to determine…

A: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the molecule. that contains the complete genetic code of an organism

Q: How much buffer would you need to dilute a stock solution of DNA that is at a concentration of…

A: We will use following equation in this case: C1× V1 = C2 × V2 Here C1 is the stock concentration V1…

Q: The chromosome of the bacterium (prokaryote) Escherichia coli has a size of approximately 4,000…

A: DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. It carries genetic information useful for development and…

Q: Calculate the concentration of DNA in your purified sample and determine the mass of the purified…

A: More details are needed to determine the mass of purified DNA. So here we providing you the…

Q: DNA has unique properties that allow it to accurately retain genetic information, even after…

A: The self-replicating biomolecules that are present in the chromosomes and carry genetic information…

Q: otal nucleic acids are extracted from a growing culture of yeast cells. They are then mixed with…

A: Although ssDNA could be a critical intermediary in practically all biological activities involving…

Q: IF A DOUBLE-STRAND DNA SAMPLE WAS COMPOSED OF 10 PERCENT THYMINE, WHAT WOULD BE THE PERCENTAGE OF…

A: The deoxyribonucleic acid is the genetic material that is passed from one generation to the next…

Q: If you analyze a double-stranded DNA molecule and find that 15% of all the nucleotide bases are…

A: According to Chargaff's rule, [A]+[G]=[C]+[T] where A - adenine G - Guanine C- Cytosine T- Thymine

Q: 1). What is the concentration of a solution of DNA with an OD260 of 0.3? ----I got 15 micrograms/mL…

A: Values given  OD 260 = 0.3 A260 of 1.0 = 50µg/ml pure dsDNA Concentration (µg/ml) = A260 reading ×…

Q: The figure shows that the average distance between base pairs measured parallel to the axis of a DNA…

A: DNA is composed of 2 polynucleotide strands would in a helical manner. Distance between 2 base pairs…

Q: A piece of DNA is cut into four fragments as shown below. A solution containing the four fragments…

A: Gel electrophoresis is a technique used to separate different pieces of DNA on the basis of their…

Q: DNA structure depends on base pairing of its four nucleotides, A, C, T, and G. Nucleotide A pairs…

A: The monomeric units of nucleic acids are called nucleotides. DNA is a polynucleotide which contains…

Q: The sequences of several short single-stranded DNA molecules are shown below. Imagine each sequence…

A: Introduction  DNA denaturation, sometimes called DNA denaturing, is the conversion of…

Q: For a closed-circular DNA molecule of 6,825 base pairs in the fully relaxed form, the linking number…

A: In simple words, the linking number represents the number of times a curve winds around another. The…

Q: The Tm of a DNA strand can be calculated by hand using the formula:           (2 ℃)(?????? ?? ? +…

A: Two standard approximation calculations are used. For sequences less than fourteen nucleotides the…

Gene Interactions

When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.

Gene Expression

Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.