One explanation for the “stepped cline” in both gene frequencies and morphology is that B. bombina and B. variegata first diverged in allopatry and are now forming a secondary hybrid zone. Is the spatial pattern of genetic and morphological variation consistent with this explanation? Why or why not? 4b) Another explanation is that this is a “primary hybrid zone” where disruptive selection is acting on parapatric populations of red-bellied and yellow-bellied toads.  What would have to be true for the ecological niches of these two-color forms of toad for disruptive selection to be acting on so many loci in parapatry? 4c) In either a secondary or a primary hybrid zone, what do the graphs above indicate about the relative fitnesses of the hybrid toads away from the 0-kilometer site on the cline?  Why?

Curren'S Math For Meds: Dosages & Sol
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Chapter10: Reconstitution Of Powdered Drugs
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4a) One explanation for the “stepped cline” in both gene frequencies and morphology is that B. bombina and B. variegata first diverged in allopatry and are now forming a secondary hybrid zone. Is the spatial pattern of genetic and morphological variation consistent with this explanation? Why or why not?

4b) Another explanation is that this is a “primary hybrid zone” where disruptive selection is acting on parapatric populations of red-bellied and yellow-bellied toads.  What would have to be true for the ecological niches of these two-color forms of toad for disruptive selection to be acting on so many loci in parapatry?

4c) In either a secondary or a primary hybrid zone, what do the graphs above indicate about the relative fitnesses of the hybrid toads away from the 0-kilometer site on the cline?  Why?

(A)
0.99
0.9
B. bombina
0.5
0.1
0.01
-30 -20
-10
10
20
30
40
Distance from center of cline (km)
(B)
0.99
B. variegata
0.9
0.5
0.1
0.01
-30 -20
-10
10
20
30
40
Distance from center of cline (km)
EVOLUTION 4e, Figure 9.4
© 2017 Sinauer Associates, Inc.
Morphological score
Allele frequency
Transcribed Image Text:(A) 0.99 0.9 B. bombina 0.5 0.1 0.01 -30 -20 -10 10 20 30 40 Distance from center of cline (km) (B) 0.99 B. variegata 0.9 0.5 0.1 0.01 -30 -20 -10 10 20 30 40 Distance from center of cline (km) EVOLUTION 4e, Figure 9.4 © 2017 Sinauer Associates, Inc. Morphological score Allele frequency
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