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TABLE 1 Observed (O) versus expected (E) mc1r genotypes of black bears (Ursus americanus) by landmass in coastal British Columbia, Canada (2012-2017). Monte Carlo Exact Chi-square p-values reflect results from tests for departures from genotype frequencies expected under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. U-score p-values reflect tests for an excess or deficiency of heterozygosity at mc1r Landmass GG (white) E AG (black) E AA (black) E Chi² p U-score p Island Hawkesbury 0 0.00 0 0.00 24 24.00 Gribbell 1 1.13 7 6.75 10 10.12 1.00 0.74 Princess Royal 8 5.32 25 30.36 46 43.32 0.14 0.09 Roderick 0.01 1 0.98 21 21.01 1.00 1.00 Pooley 0 0.00 0 0.00 6 6.00 Yeo 0 0.00 0 0.00 5 5.00 Mainland West of Hawkesbury 0 0.03 2 1.94 East of Princess Royal 0 0.15 4 3.70 32 34 34.03 1.00 0.99 23 23.15 1.00 0.89 North of Roderick 0.02 1 0.96 11 11.02 1.00 1.00 Kynoch 0 0.00 0 0.00 15 15.00 Don Peninsula 0 0.01 1 0.98 21 21.01 1.00 1.00 6a. Consider all Islands with documented occurrences of the mc1r allele "G" as population 1 (the 3 Islands where "G" was detected). All mainland bears are population 2. Use the values in "Table 1" to calculate the allelic and genotypic frequencies for each population. b. Show whether population 1 is in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium using the bear numbers above. c. These bears have been studied over a number of years and sampled a number of ways - results regarding HWE have varied. Use what you know about the 5 assumptions of HWE (hint: pick one) to propose one possible reason why the population of Kermode bears may not be/have been in HWE.

TABLE 1 Observed (O) versus expected (E) mc1r genotypes of black bears (Ursus americanus) by landmass in coastal British Columbia, Canada (2012-2017). Monte Carlo Exact Chi-square p-values reflect results from tests for departures from genotype frequencies expected under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. U-score p-values reflect tests for an excess or deficiency of heterozygosity at mc1r Landmass GG (white) E AG (black) E AA (black) E Chi² p U-score p Island Hawkesbury 0 0.00 0 0.00 24 24.00 Gribbell 1 1.13 7 6.75 10 10.12 1.00 0.74 Princess Royal 8 5.32 25 30.36 46 43.32 0.14 0.09 Roderick 0.01 1 0.98 21 21.01 1.00 1.00 Pooley 0 0.00 0 0.00 6 6.00 Yeo 0 0.00 0 0.00 5 5.00 Mainland West of Hawkesbury 0 0.03 2 1.94 East of Princess Royal 0 0.15 4 3.70 32 34 34.03 1.00 0.99 23 23.15 1.00 0.89 North of Roderick 0.02 1 0.96 11 11.02 1.00 1.00 Kynoch 0 0.00 0 0.00 15 15.00 Don Peninsula 0 0.01 1 0.98 21 21.01 1.00 1.00 6a. Consider all Islands with documented occurrences of the mc1r allele "G" as population 1 (the 3 Islands where "G" was detected). All mainland bears are population 2. Use the values in "Table 1" to calculate the allelic and genotypic frequencies for each population. b. Show whether population 1 is in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium using the bear numbers above. c. These bears have been studied over a number of years and sampled a number of ways - results regarding HWE have varied. Use what you know about the 5 assumptions of HWE (hint: pick one) to propose one possible reason why the population of Kermode bears may not be/have been in HWE.

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
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TABLE 1 Observed (O) versus expected (E) mc1r genotypes of black bears (Ursus americanus) by landmass in coastal British Columbia, Canada (2012-2017). Monte Carlo Exact Chi-square p-values reflect results from tests for departures from genotype frequencies expected under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. U-score p-values reflect tests for an excess or deficiency of heterozygosity at mc1r Landmass GG (white) E AG (black) E AA (black) E Chi² p U-score p Island Hawkesbury 0 0.00 0 0.00 24 24.00 Gribbell 1 1.13 7 6.75 10 10.12 1.00 0.74 Princess Royal 8 5.32 25 30.36 46 43.32 0.14 0.09 Roderick 0.01 1 0.98 21 21.01 1.00 1.00 Pooley 0 0.00 0 0.00 6 6.00 Yeo 0 0.00 0 0.00 5 5.00 Mainland West of Hawkesbury 0 0.03 2 1.94 East of Princess Royal 0 0.15 4 3.70 32 34 34.03 1.00 0.99 23 23.15 1.00 0.89 North of Roderick 0.02 1 0.96 11 11.02 1.00 1.00 Kynoch 0 0.00 0 0.00 15 15.00 Don Peninsula 0 0.01 1 0.98 21 21.01 1.00 1.00
Transcribed Image Text:TABLE 1 Observed (O) versus expected (E) mc1r genotypes of black bears (Ursus americanus) by landmass in coastal British Columbia, Canada (2012-2017). Monte Carlo Exact Chi-square p-values reflect results from tests for departures from genotype frequencies expected under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. U-score p-values reflect tests for an excess or deficiency of heterozygosity at mc1r Landmass GG (white) E AG (black) E AA (black) E Chi² p U-score p Island Hawkesbury 0 0.00 0 0.00 24 24.00 Gribbell 1 1.13 7 6.75 10 10.12 1.00 0.74 Princess Royal 8 5.32 25 30.36 46 43.32 0.14 0.09 Roderick 0.01 1 0.98 21 21.01 1.00 1.00 Pooley 0 0.00 0 0.00 6 6.00 Yeo 0 0.00 0 0.00 5 5.00 Mainland West of Hawkesbury 0 0.03 2 1.94 East of Princess Royal 0 0.15 4 3.70 32 34 34.03 1.00 0.99 23 23.15 1.00 0.89 North of Roderick 0.02 1 0.96 11 11.02 1.00 1.00 Kynoch 0 0.00 0 0.00 15 15.00 Don Peninsula 0 0.01 1 0.98 21 21.01 1.00 1.00
6a. Consider all Islands with documented occurrences of the mc1r allele "G" as population 1 (the 3 Islands where "G" was detected). All mainland bears are population 2. Use the values in "Table 1" to calculate the allelic and genotypic frequencies for each population. b. Show whether population 1 is in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium using the bear numbers above. c. These bears have been studied over a number of years and sampled a number of ways - results regarding HWE have varied. Use what you know about the 5 assumptions of HWE (hint: pick one) to propose one possible reason why the population of Kermode bears may not be/have been in HWE.
Transcribed Image Text:6a. Consider all Islands with documented occurrences of the mc1r allele "G" as population 1 (the 3 Islands where "G" was detected). All mainland bears are population 2. Use the values in "Table 1" to calculate the allelic and genotypic frequencies for each population. b. Show whether population 1 is in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium using the bear numbers above. c. These bears have been studied over a number of years and sampled a number of ways - results regarding HWE have varied. Use what you know about the 5 assumptions of HWE (hint: pick one) to propose one possible reason why the population of Kermode bears may not be/have been in HWE.
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