Note that your Punnett Squares predictions assumed the law of independent assortment

Concepts of Biology
1st Edition
ISBN:9781938168116
Author:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James Wise
Publisher:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James Wise
Chapter8: Patterns Of Inheritance
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 2ACQ: Figure 8.10 In pea plants, purple flowers (P) are dominant to white (p), and yellow peas (Y) are...
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Note that your Punnett Squares predictions assumed the law of independent assortment was true for these characteristics . How do the percentages of purple smooth , purple wrinkled , yellow smooth , and yellow wrinkled kernels on the cob ( # 9 ) compare to those predicted in # 8 ? Given these results , do the alleles for corn kernel color and shape segregate independently or are they linked ?
**Crossing Hybrid Purple, Smooth Corn (F1 Generation)**

**Instruction:**

To produce the F2 generation, the F1 generation hybrids are crossed. Use the Punnett Square to predict the ratio of genotypes and phenotypes that would result from a cross between the F1 generation hybrids. Refer to Figure 9.8 in your textbook for additional help.

**Image Description:**

- The image shows two corn cobs labeled "F1," indicating that these are the F1 generation hybrids being crossed.

### Punnett Square for F2 Offspring:

**Parents (cross F1 offspring):**
- Hybrid Purple, smooth corn (Parent Genotype: PpSs) x Hybrid Purple, smooth corn (Parent Genotype: PpSs)

**Possible Gametes:**
- Parent 1: PS or Ps or pS or ps
- Parent 2: PS or Ps or pS or ps

**Punnett Square Layout:**

|      | PS    | Ps    | pS    | ps    |
|------|-------|-------|-------|-------|
| **PS** | PPSS | PPSs | PpSS | PpSs |
| **Ps** | PPSs | PPss | PpSs | Ppss |
| **pS** | PpSS | PpSs | ppSS | ppSs |
| **ps** | PpSs | Ppss | ppSs | ppss |

### Explanation of Diagram:

- **Rows and Columns**: Each row and column of the Punnett Square represents the possible gametes that each parent can produce. The top row and the first column list these gametes.
- **Boxes**: Each box within the square represents a potential genotype for offspring resulting from a combination of gametes from each parent.

This exercise illustrates how Mendelian inheritance can predict offspring traits using a dihybrid cross.
Transcribed Image Text:**Crossing Hybrid Purple, Smooth Corn (F1 Generation)** **Instruction:** To produce the F2 generation, the F1 generation hybrids are crossed. Use the Punnett Square to predict the ratio of genotypes and phenotypes that would result from a cross between the F1 generation hybrids. Refer to Figure 9.8 in your textbook for additional help. **Image Description:** - The image shows two corn cobs labeled "F1," indicating that these are the F1 generation hybrids being crossed. ### Punnett Square for F2 Offspring: **Parents (cross F1 offspring):** - Hybrid Purple, smooth corn (Parent Genotype: PpSs) x Hybrid Purple, smooth corn (Parent Genotype: PpSs) **Possible Gametes:** - Parent 1: PS or Ps or pS or ps - Parent 2: PS or Ps or pS or ps **Punnett Square Layout:** | | PS | Ps | pS | ps | |------|-------|-------|-------|-------| | **PS** | PPSS | PPSs | PpSS | PpSs | | **Ps** | PPSs | PPss | PpSs | Ppss | | **pS** | PpSS | PpSs | ppSS | ppSs | | **ps** | PpSs | Ppss | ppSs | ppss | ### Explanation of Diagram: - **Rows and Columns**: Each row and column of the Punnett Square represents the possible gametes that each parent can produce. The top row and the first column list these gametes. - **Boxes**: Each box within the square represents a potential genotype for offspring resulting from a combination of gametes from each parent. This exercise illustrates how Mendelian inheritance can predict offspring traits using a dihybrid cross.
**Text Transcription for Educational Use:**

**Genotype Examination and Phenotype Distribution:**

1. **Examine the genotypes of F2 offspring to determine the expected percentages of each phenotype.** 
   - % purple smooth = (# purple smooth / 16) X 100: **56.25%**
   - % purple wrinkled = (# purple wrinkled / 16) X 100: **18.75%**
   - % yellow smooth = (# yellow smooth / 16) X 100: **18.75%**
   - % yellow wrinkled = (# yellow wrinkled / 16) X 100: **6.25%**

2. **Actual F2 Generation Kernels (Offspring) Analysis:**

   - The actual F2 generation kernels are displayed below. Wrinkled kernels resemble raisins, and any shade of purple is considered purple. In the cob image below, count the number of purple smooth, purple wrinkled, yellow smooth, and yellow wrinkled kernels in the designated red box. Use these numbers to calculate the percentages in the table below.

**Image of Corn Cob:**

- A corn cob is shown with kernels in various colors and textures categorized within a red box.

**Data Table:**

| Phenotype        | # OF KERNELS | Percentage (%) = (# KERNELS / TOTAL #) X 100 |
|------------------|--------------|---------------------------------------------|
| purple, smooth   | 92           | 53.17%                                      |
| purple, wrinkled | 32           | 18.47%                                      |
| yellow, smooth   | 35           | 20.23%                                      |
| yellow, wrinkled | 14           | 8.09%                                       |
| **TOTAL #**      | **173**      |                                             |
Transcribed Image Text:**Text Transcription for Educational Use:** **Genotype Examination and Phenotype Distribution:** 1. **Examine the genotypes of F2 offspring to determine the expected percentages of each phenotype.** - % purple smooth = (# purple smooth / 16) X 100: **56.25%** - % purple wrinkled = (# purple wrinkled / 16) X 100: **18.75%** - % yellow smooth = (# yellow smooth / 16) X 100: **18.75%** - % yellow wrinkled = (# yellow wrinkled / 16) X 100: **6.25%** 2. **Actual F2 Generation Kernels (Offspring) Analysis:** - The actual F2 generation kernels are displayed below. Wrinkled kernels resemble raisins, and any shade of purple is considered purple. In the cob image below, count the number of purple smooth, purple wrinkled, yellow smooth, and yellow wrinkled kernels in the designated red box. Use these numbers to calculate the percentages in the table below. **Image of Corn Cob:** - A corn cob is shown with kernels in various colors and textures categorized within a red box. **Data Table:** | Phenotype | # OF KERNELS | Percentage (%) = (# KERNELS / TOTAL #) X 100 | |------------------|--------------|---------------------------------------------| | purple, smooth | 92 | 53.17% | | purple, wrinkled | 32 | 18.47% | | yellow, smooth | 35 | 20.23% | | yellow, wrinkled | 14 | 8.09% | | **TOTAL #** | **173** | |
Expert Solution
Step 1

The Dihybrid cross is generally plotted for two individulas having two distinct characters controlled by two fdifferent genes present on same or different chromosomes.

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