Name: Car5. Determine ASPxn, AH, and AGxn (each in kJ mol¹ to two decimal places) and determinethe spontaneity for the following reaction (at 25 °C):CH3OH(!) + O2(g) - →CO2(g) + H2O(l)Tom (A OS: A: -1.40 × 103; yes

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Answered: Name: Car 5. Determine ASPxn, AH, and…

Chemistry: Principles and Reactions

8th Edition

ISBN:9781305079373

Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. Hurley

Publisher:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. Hurley

Chapter16: Spontaneity Of Reaction

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 83QAP

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Elemental boron, in the form of thin fibers, can be made by reducing a boron halide with H2. BCl3(g) + 3/2 H2(g) B(s) + 3HCl(g) Calculate H, S, and G at 25 C for this reaction. Is the reaction predicted to be product favored at equilibrium at 25 C? If so, is it enthalpy driven or entropy driven?
A friend tells you, Free energy G and pressure P are related by the equation G = G + RT ln(P). Also, G is related to the equilibrium constant K in that when Gproducts = Greactantsthe system is at equilibrium. Therefore, it must be true that a system is at equilibrium when all the pressures are equal. Do you agree with this friend? Explain.
What is a nonspontaneous reaction?
What types of experiments can be carried out to determine whether a reaction is spontaneous? Does spontaneity have any relationship to the final equilibrium position of a reaction? Explain.
Chemists and engineers who design nuclear power plants have to worry about high-temperature reactions because it is possible for water to decompose. (a) Under what conditions does this reaction occur spontaneously? 2H2O(g) 2H2(g) + O2(g) (b) Under conditions where the decomposition of water is spontaneous, do nuclear engineers have to worry about an oxygen/hydrogen explosion? Justify your answer.
Estimate the temperature range over which each of the following reactions is spontaneous. (a) 2Al(s)+3Cl2(g)2AlCl3(s) (b) 2NOCl(g)2NO(g)+Cl2(g) (c) 4NO(g)+6H2O(g)4NH3(g)+5O2(g) (d) 2PH3(g)3H2(g)+2P(g)
The free energy change, G, for a process at constant temperature and pressure is related to Suniv and reflects the spontaneity of the process. How is G related to Suniv? When is a process spontaneous? Nonspontaneous? At equilibrium? G is a composite term composed of H, T, and S. What is the G equation? Give the four possible sign combinations for H and S. What temperatures are required for each sign combination to yield a spontaneous process? If G is positive, what does it say about the reverse process? How does the G = H TS equation reduce when at the melting-point temperature of a solid-to-liquid phase change or at the boiling-point temperature of a liquid-to-gas phase change? What is the sign of G for the solid-to-liquid phase change at temperatures above the freezing point? What is the sign of G for the liquid-to-gas phase change at temperatures below the boiling point?
Without doing any calculations, predict the sign of rS for the following reaction: Zn(s) + 2 HCl(aq) ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g) (a) rS 0 (b) rS = 0 (c) rS 0
Given that H f for HF(aq) is -320.1 kJ/mol and S for HF(aq) is 88.7 J/mol K, find Ka for HF at 25C.
Consider the reaction 2SO2(g)+O2(g)2SO3(g) (a) Calculate G at 25C. (b) If the partial pressures of SO2 and SO3 are kept at 0.400 atm, what partial pressure should O2 have so that the reaction just becomes nonspontaneous (i.e., G=+1.0 k J)?
Consider the decomposition of red mercury(II) oxide under standard state conditions.. 2HgO(s,red)2Hg(l)+O2(g) (a) Is the decomposition spontaneous under standard state conditions? (b) Above what temperature does the reaction become spontaneous?
On the basis of your experience, predict which of the following reactions are spontaneous. (a) CO2(s)CO2(g) at 25°C (b) NaCl(s)NaCl(l) at 25°C (c) 2NaCl(s)2Na(s)+Cl2(g) (d) CO2(g)C(s)+O2(g)

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Name: Car 5. Determine ASPxn, AH, and AGxn (each in kJ mol¹ to two decimal places) and determine the spontaneity for the following reaction (at 25 °C): CH3OH(!) + O2(g) - →CO2(g) + H2O(l) Tom (A OS: A: -1.40 × 103; yes