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MULTIPLE CHOICE: Select the BEST ANSWER for each item by ENCIRCLING THE LETTER corresponding to the best choice. 1. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? а) The halving of chromosome number during gamete formation, followed by the union of two gametes at fertilization, allows a constant 2n number of chromosomes to be maintained from generation to generation in all individuals of a species. b) Meiosis ensures that all somatic cells of the developing individual have identical diploid chromosome sets. c) The number of chromosomes in a normal diploid cell is 2n. d) Gametes and other cells that carry only a single set of chromosomes are called haploid. 2. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? a) Scientists usually analyze the chromosomal makeup of a cell during metaphase because this is when the chromosomes are most visible. b) During metaphase, individual chromosomes have duplicated and condensed from thin threads into compact rod-like structures. c) Each chromosome, during metaphase, consists of two identical halves known as sister chromatids. d) The location at which sister chromatids are attached to each other is called the kinetochore. 3. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? а) Homologous chromosomes match in size, shape, and banding. b) Homologous chromosomes may carry different alleles, but always carry the same set of genes. Chromosomes 1 and 2 are homologous chromosomes. d) In males, X and Y chromosomes are nonhomologous chromosomes. c)

MULTIPLE CHOICE: Select the BEST ANSWER for each item by ENCIRCLING THE LETTER corresponding to the best choice. 1. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? а) The halving of chromosome number during gamete formation, followed by the union of two gametes at fertilization, allows a constant 2n number of chromosomes to be maintained from generation to generation in all individuals of a species. b) Meiosis ensures that all somatic cells of the developing individual have identical diploid chromosome sets. c) The number of chromosomes in a normal diploid cell is 2n. d) Gametes and other cells that carry only a single set of chromosomes are called haploid. 2. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? a) Scientists usually analyze the chromosomal makeup of a cell during metaphase because this is when the chromosomes are most visible. b) During metaphase, individual chromosomes have duplicated and condensed from thin threads into compact rod-like structures. c) Each chromosome, during metaphase, consists of two identical halves known as sister chromatids. d) The location at which sister chromatids are attached to each other is called the kinetochore. 3. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? а) Homologous chromosomes match in size, shape, and banding. b) Homologous chromosomes may carry different alleles, but always carry the same set of genes. Chromosomes 1 and 2 are homologous chromosomes. d) In males, X and Y chromosomes are nonhomologous chromosomes. c)

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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MULTIPLE CHOICE: Select the BEST ANSWER for each item by ENCIRCLING THE LETTER corresponding to the best choice. 1. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? a) The halving of chromosome number during gamete formation, followed by the union of two gametes at fertilization, allows a constant 2n number of chromosomes to be maintained from generation to generation in all individuals of a species. b) Meiosis ensures that all somatic cells of the developing individual have identical diploid chromosome sets. The number of chromosomes in a normal diploid cell is 2n. d) Gametes and other cells that carry only a single set of chromosomes are called haploid. с) 2. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? a) Scientists usually analyze the chromosomal makeup of a cell during metaphase because this is when the chromosomes are most visible. b) During metaphase, individual chromosomes have duplicated and condensed from thin threads into compact rod-like structures. c) Each chromosome, during metaphase, consists of two identical halves known as sister chromatids. d) The location at which sister chromatids are attached to each other is called the kinetochore. 3. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? a) Homologous chromosomes match in size, shape, and banding. b) Homologous chromosomes may carry different alleles, but always carry the same set of genes. c) Chromosomes 1 and 2 are homologous chromosomes. d) In males, X and Y chromosomes are nonhomologous chromosomes. 4. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? A karyotype is an array of chromosomes in a given cell. a) b) In a normal human male karyotype, the 44 chromosomes in matching pairs are called autosomes. c) In a normal human female karyotype, there are 23 homologous pairs of chromosomes. d) The number of chromosomes correlates with size or complexity of the organism. 5. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? a) In humans, the X chromosome is larger than the Y chromosome. b) The presence or absence of the Y chromosome in humans determines sex. c) Pseudoautosomal regions are found on both ends of the X and Y chromosomes. d) Loss of function of the SRY gene leads to testicular development. 6. Which is NOT TRUE of sex-reversed females? a) One X chromosome and one Y chromosome are present. b) Two X chromosomes are present, but one of the two carries a portion of the Y chromosome. c) Sex-reversed females always have a Y chromosome lacking a functional SRY gene. d) The SRY gene may have been replaced by a portion of the X chromosome. 7. Which region(s) in X and Y chromosomes is/are considered homologs? Male-specific region Pseudoautosomal regions 1 and 2 A. Sex-determining region of Y Male fertility genes В. D. Which is NOT TRUE of the S phase? DNA undergoes semiconservative replication. Identical sister chromatids are formed from duplication of each chromosome. Sister chromatids of each chromosome remain joined to each other at their centromeres. A human cell after the S phase has now 4n = 92 chromosomes. 8. A. В. С. D. 9. Which is NOT TRUE of G2? It usually lasts about 3 hours. It is the interval between chromosome duplication and beginning of mitosis. It is during this stage the cell achieves most of its growth. A human cell during G2 has 92 chromatids. A. В. C. D. 10. The following are cellular events during prophase, EXCEPT: There is gradual condensation of chromosomes from the undifferentiated mass of chromatin. Darkly staining nucleoli begin to break down and disappear. Centrosomes move apart toward opposite poles and generate new microtubules. The nuclear membrane is broken down. A. В. С. D. 11. The following are cellular events during prometaphase, EXCEPT: The breaking down of the nuclear membrane allows microtubules to invade the nucleus. Sister chromatids attach to microtubules from opposite centrosomes through centromeres. A. B. С. Polar microtubules are directed toward the middle of the cell. D. Astral microtubules extend out from the centrosome toward the cell's periphery. Which is NOT TRUE of metaphase? Chromosomes align on the metaphase plate. The sister chromatids are facing opposite poles. Sister chromatids are pulled in opposite directions while they are still connected to each other by the tight cohesion of their centromeres. A human cell during G2 has 4n = 92 chromosomes. 12. A. В. C. D. 13. Which is NOT TRUE of anaphase? A. The centromeric connections between sister chromatids are severed. В. All chromosomes have a characteristic V shape during anaphase. As the chromosome moves toward the pole, its kinetochore microtubules shorten. С. D. A human nucleus during anaphase has 4n = 92 chromosomes. Which is NOT TRUE of telophase? A nuclear envelope forms around the group of chromosomes at each pole. Chromosomes uncoil and become a tangle of chromatin. The spindle fiber begins to disperse. Two separate daughter cells are formed. 14. A. B. С. D. Page 1 of 8
Transcribed Image Text:MULTIPLE CHOICE: Select the BEST ANSWER for each item by ENCIRCLING THE LETTER corresponding to the best choice. 1. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? a) The halving of chromosome number during gamete formation, followed by the union of two gametes at fertilization, allows a constant 2n number of chromosomes to be maintained from generation to generation in all individuals of a species. b) Meiosis ensures that all somatic cells of the developing individual have identical diploid chromosome sets. The number of chromosomes in a normal diploid cell is 2n. d) Gametes and other cells that carry only a single set of chromosomes are called haploid. с) 2. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? a) Scientists usually analyze the chromosomal makeup of a cell during metaphase because this is when the chromosomes are most visible. b) During metaphase, individual chromosomes have duplicated and condensed from thin threads into compact rod-like structures. c) Each chromosome, during metaphase, consists of two identical halves known as sister chromatids. d) The location at which sister chromatids are attached to each other is called the kinetochore. 3. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? a) Homologous chromosomes match in size, shape, and banding. b) Homologous chromosomes may carry different alleles, but always carry the same set of genes. c) Chromosomes 1 and 2 are homologous chromosomes. d) In males, X and Y chromosomes are nonhomologous chromosomes. 4. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? A karyotype is an array of chromosomes in a given cell. a) b) In a normal human male karyotype, the 44 chromosomes in matching pairs are called autosomes. c) In a normal human female karyotype, there are 23 homologous pairs of chromosomes. d) The number of chromosomes correlates with size or complexity of the organism. 5. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? a) In humans, the X chromosome is larger than the Y chromosome. b) The presence or absence of the Y chromosome in humans determines sex. c) Pseudoautosomal regions are found on both ends of the X and Y chromosomes. d) Loss of function of the SRY gene leads to testicular development. 6. Which is NOT TRUE of sex-reversed females? a) One X chromosome and one Y chromosome are present. b) Two X chromosomes are present, but one of the two carries a portion of the Y chromosome. c) Sex-reversed females always have a Y chromosome lacking a functional SRY gene. d) The SRY gene may have been replaced by a portion of the X chromosome. 7. Which region(s) in X and Y chromosomes is/are considered homologs? Male-specific region Pseudoautosomal regions 1 and 2 A. Sex-determining region of Y Male fertility genes В. D. Which is NOT TRUE of the S phase? DNA undergoes semiconservative replication. Identical sister chromatids are formed from duplication of each chromosome. Sister chromatids of each chromosome remain joined to each other at their centromeres. A human cell after the S phase has now 4n = 92 chromosomes. 8. A. В. С. D. 9. Which is NOT TRUE of G2? It usually lasts about 3 hours. It is the interval between chromosome duplication and beginning of mitosis. It is during this stage the cell achieves most of its growth. A human cell during G2 has 92 chromatids. A. В. C. D. 10. The following are cellular events during prophase, EXCEPT: There is gradual condensation of chromosomes from the undifferentiated mass of chromatin. Darkly staining nucleoli begin to break down and disappear. Centrosomes move apart toward opposite poles and generate new microtubules. The nuclear membrane is broken down. A. В. С. D. 11. The following are cellular events during prometaphase, EXCEPT: The breaking down of the nuclear membrane allows microtubules to invade the nucleus. Sister chromatids attach to microtubules from opposite centrosomes through centromeres. A. B. С. Polar microtubules are directed toward the middle of the cell. D. Astral microtubules extend out from the centrosome toward the cell's periphery. Which is NOT TRUE of metaphase? Chromosomes align on the metaphase plate. The sister chromatids are facing opposite poles. Sister chromatids are pulled in opposite directions while they are still connected to each other by the tight cohesion of their centromeres. A human cell during G2 has 4n = 92 chromosomes. 12. A. В. C. D. 13. Which is NOT TRUE of anaphase? A. The centromeric connections between sister chromatids are severed. В. All chromosomes have a characteristic V shape during anaphase. As the chromosome moves toward the pole, its kinetochore microtubules shorten. С. D. A human nucleus during anaphase has 4n = 92 chromosomes. Which is NOT TRUE of telophase? A nuclear envelope forms around the group of chromosomes at each pole. Chromosomes uncoil and become a tangle of chromatin. The spindle fiber begins to disperse. Two separate daughter cells are formed. 14. A. B. С. D. Page 1 of 8
MULTIPLE CHOICE: Select the BEST ANSWER for each item by ENCIRCLING THE LETTER corresponding to the best choice. 15. refer to points of the cell cycle where the cell evaluates the results of previous steps: Regulatory signals Regulatory checkpoints A. Cytokinesis Intrinsic factors C. В. D. 16. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? Mitosis is a conservative mechanism that preserves the genetic status quo. Meiosis is a special type of cellular division that occurs in gametes. After mitosis, two identical 2n daughter cells are produced. After meiosis I, four n daughter cells are produced. A. B. C. D. Genetic recombination or diversity is a feature of Meiosis I C. 17. A. Mitosis В. Meiosis II D. Choices A, B, and C are correct. 18. The following are cellular events during prophase I, EXCEPT: С. A. Chromatin condensation Crossing-over Paired homologs attach to spindle fibers. В. Synapsis D. Which of the following statements refers to synapsis? It is the pairing of homologous chromosomes It is the alignment of chromosomes on the equatorial plate. It is the exchange of parts between non-sister chromatids. It represents the sites where crossing-over occurred. 19. A. meiosis. В. С. D. 20. Which of the following events below is associated with zygotene? Synapsis C. Crossing-over A. Appearance of recombination nodules В. D. Crossover points appear as chiasmata. 21. Chiasmata are observed during the following stages of meiosis I, EXCEPT: DiploteneC. Diakinesis Metaphase I D. A. В. Anaphase I 22. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? Unlike in meiosis I, homologous chromosomes do not pair up during mitosis and meiosis II. Genetic exchange between homologous chromosomes does not occur during mitosis. Homologous chromosomes, not sister chromatids, attach to spindle fibers from opposite poles during metaphase I. During meiosis, the centromeres of the sister chromatids separate at the beginning of anaphase I. A. B. C. D. 23. Which of the following statements is TRUE of interkinesis? It is a relatively brief interphase between telophase I and prophase II. Chromosomes duplicate during interkinesis. DNA undergoes semiconservative replication during this interphase. In all species, chromosomes usually decondense during this time. A. B. С. D. 24. Bivalents or tetrads are first observed in which stage of meiosis? LeptoteneC. Zygotene D. A. Pachytene Diplotene B. 25. The type of cell division that converts spermatogonia and oogonia to primary spermatocytes and primary oocytes respectively is A. Meiosis I C. Mitosis В. Meiosis II D. Binary fission The following are haploid cells, EXCEPT: Spermatids and spermatozoa C. Primary oocytes and primary spermatocytes 26. A. Ovum and second polar body В. D. Secondary oocytes and first polar body 27. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? By six months after conception, fetal ovaries contain about half a million primary oocytes arrested in the diplotene stage. At ovulation, a released primary oocyte completes meiosis I and proceeds as far as metaphase II. Fertilization quickly completes meiosis II. Only two of the three products of a single meiosis serve as the female gametes. A. В. C. D. 28. A normal spermatozoon carries A. Both X and Y chromosomes C. Either an X or a Y chromosome В. An X chromosome only D. AY chromosome only 29. Spermatogenesis takes place in which of the following structures? Ovarian follicles A. C. Male urethra В. Glans penis D. Seminiferous tubules of the testes During spermatogenesis,. Primary spermatocytes Secondary spermatocytes 30. undergo meiosis II and give rise to spermatids. Spermatogonia First polar body A. C. В. D. 31. A normal ovum carries A. Both X and Y chromosomes C. Either an X or a Y chromosome В. An X chromosome only D. AY chromosome only 32. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of X-linked recessive traits? A. The trait appears more in females than males. The mutation will never be passed from father to son. В. C. An affected male passes the X-linked mutation to all his daughters. With a rare affected female, all her sons will be affected and all her daughters will be carriers. D.
Transcribed Image Text:MULTIPLE CHOICE: Select the BEST ANSWER for each item by ENCIRCLING THE LETTER corresponding to the best choice. 15. refer to points of the cell cycle where the cell evaluates the results of previous steps: Regulatory signals Regulatory checkpoints A. Cytokinesis Intrinsic factors C. В. D. 16. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? Mitosis is a conservative mechanism that preserves the genetic status quo. Meiosis is a special type of cellular division that occurs in gametes. After mitosis, two identical 2n daughter cells are produced. After meiosis I, four n daughter cells are produced. A. B. C. D. Genetic recombination or diversity is a feature of Meiosis I C. 17. A. Mitosis В. Meiosis II D. Choices A, B, and C are correct. 18. The following are cellular events during prophase I, EXCEPT: С. A. Chromatin condensation Crossing-over Paired homologs attach to spindle fibers. В. Synapsis D. Which of the following statements refers to synapsis? It is the pairing of homologous chromosomes It is the alignment of chromosomes on the equatorial plate. It is the exchange of parts between non-sister chromatids. It represents the sites where crossing-over occurred. 19. A. meiosis. В. С. D. 20. Which of the following events below is associated with zygotene? Synapsis C. Crossing-over A. Appearance of recombination nodules В. D. Crossover points appear as chiasmata. 21. Chiasmata are observed during the following stages of meiosis I, EXCEPT: DiploteneC. Diakinesis Metaphase I D. A. В. Anaphase I 22. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? Unlike in meiosis I, homologous chromosomes do not pair up during mitosis and meiosis II. Genetic exchange between homologous chromosomes does not occur during mitosis. Homologous chromosomes, not sister chromatids, attach to spindle fibers from opposite poles during metaphase I. During meiosis, the centromeres of the sister chromatids separate at the beginning of anaphase I. A. B. C. D. 23. Which of the following statements is TRUE of interkinesis? It is a relatively brief interphase between telophase I and prophase II. Chromosomes duplicate during interkinesis. DNA undergoes semiconservative replication during this interphase. In all species, chromosomes usually decondense during this time. A. B. С. D. 24. Bivalents or tetrads are first observed in which stage of meiosis? LeptoteneC. Zygotene D. A. Pachytene Diplotene B. 25. The type of cell division that converts spermatogonia and oogonia to primary spermatocytes and primary oocytes respectively is A. Meiosis I C. Mitosis В. Meiosis II D. Binary fission The following are haploid cells, EXCEPT: Spermatids and spermatozoa C. Primary oocytes and primary spermatocytes 26. A. Ovum and second polar body В. D. Secondary oocytes and first polar body 27. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? By six months after conception, fetal ovaries contain about half a million primary oocytes arrested in the diplotene stage. At ovulation, a released primary oocyte completes meiosis I and proceeds as far as metaphase II. Fertilization quickly completes meiosis II. Only two of the three products of a single meiosis serve as the female gametes. A. В. C. D. 28. A normal spermatozoon carries A. Both X and Y chromosomes C. Either an X or a Y chromosome В. An X chromosome only D. AY chromosome only 29. Spermatogenesis takes place in which of the following structures? Ovarian follicles A. C. Male urethra В. Glans penis D. Seminiferous tubules of the testes During spermatogenesis,. Primary spermatocytes Secondary spermatocytes 30. undergo meiosis II and give rise to spermatids. Spermatogonia First polar body A. C. В. D. 31. A normal ovum carries A. Both X and Y chromosomes C. Either an X or a Y chromosome В. An X chromosome only D. AY chromosome only 32. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of X-linked recessive traits? A. The trait appears more in females than males. The mutation will never be passed from father to son. В. C. An affected male passes the X-linked mutation to all his daughters. With a rare affected female, all her sons will be affected and all her daughters will be carriers. D.
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