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Modify isoleucine to show the predominant forms at pH 1, 7, and 13. Isoleucine has pK, values of 2.4 (carboxyl group) and 9.7 (amino group). Isoleucine at pH 1 Isoleucine at pH 7 CH₂ CH₂ 1 H.C- CH incorrect 10- H 0 Isoleucine at pH 13 CH₂ - H.N - | 1 CH ch 101H A incorrect 5 3. CH₂ 4 H₂C- CH H₂N-C-C D | | 1 H

Modify isoleucine to show the predominant forms at pH 1, 7, and 13. Isoleucine has pK, values of 2.4 (carboxyl group) and 9.7 (amino group). Isoleucine at pH 1 Isoleucine at pH 7 CH₂ CH₂ 1 H.C- CH incorrect 10- H 0 Isoleucine at pH 13 CH₂ - H.N - | 1 CH ch 101H A incorrect 5 3. CH₂ 4 H₂C- CH H₂N-C-C D | | 1 H

Biochemistry
Biochemistry
9th Edition
ISBN:9781319114671
Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science
Section: Chapter Questions
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### Predominant Forms of Isoleucine at Different pH Levels In this discussion, we will examine the predominant forms of the amino acid isoleucine at three different pH levels: 1, 7, and 13. Isoleucine has pKa values of 2.4 (carboxyl group) and 9.7 (amino group), making it essential to understand its ionization state at varying pH. #### Isoleucine at pH 1 At a highly acidic pH of 1, isoleucine is predominantly in its fully protonated form. The structure is depicted below: ``` CH3 | H3C - CH - | H2N - C - COOH | H ``` In this form, the amino group (NH3+) is protonated, and the carboxyl group (COOH) retains its hydrogen, reflecting an overall positive charge. #### Isoleucine at pH 7 At a physiological pH of 7, isoleucine exists in its zwitterionic form. The amino group is protonated (NH3+), while the carboxyl group is deprotonated (COO-): ``` CH3 | H3C - CH - | H3N^+ - C - COO^- | H ``` In this form, the molecule is neutral overall, containing both a positive and a negative charge. #### Isoleucine at pH 13 In a highly basic environment with a pH of 13, isoleucine will be deprotonated at both the amino and carboxyl groups: ``` CH3 | H3C - CH - | H2N - C - COO^- | H ``` At this pH, the amino group has lost a proton and exists as NH2, while the carboxyl group remains in its deprotonated form (COO-). This results in an overall negative charge on the molecule. ### Summary The predominant forms of isoleucine at various pH levels are crucial for understanding its behavior in different environments, which is important for various biological and chemical processes. Understanding these forms can help predict how isoleucine will interact with other molecules and in biochemical pathways.
Transcribed Image Text:### Predominant Forms of Isoleucine at Different pH Levels In this discussion, we will examine the predominant forms of the amino acid isoleucine at three different pH levels: 1, 7, and 13. Isoleucine has pKa values of 2.4 (carboxyl group) and 9.7 (amino group), making it essential to understand its ionization state at varying pH. #### Isoleucine at pH 1 At a highly acidic pH of 1, isoleucine is predominantly in its fully protonated form. The structure is depicted below: ``` CH3 | H3C - CH - | H2N - C - COOH | H ``` In this form, the amino group (NH3+) is protonated, and the carboxyl group (COOH) retains its hydrogen, reflecting an overall positive charge. #### Isoleucine at pH 7 At a physiological pH of 7, isoleucine exists in its zwitterionic form. The amino group is protonated (NH3+), while the carboxyl group is deprotonated (COO-): ``` CH3 | H3C - CH - | H3N^+ - C - COO^- | H ``` In this form, the molecule is neutral overall, containing both a positive and a negative charge. #### Isoleucine at pH 13 In a highly basic environment with a pH of 13, isoleucine will be deprotonated at both the amino and carboxyl groups: ``` CH3 | H3C - CH - | H2N - C - COO^- | H ``` At this pH, the amino group has lost a proton and exists as NH2, while the carboxyl group remains in its deprotonated form (COO-). This results in an overall negative charge on the molecule. ### Summary The predominant forms of isoleucine at various pH levels are crucial for understanding its behavior in different environments, which is important for various biological and chemical processes. Understanding these forms can help predict how isoleucine will interact with other molecules and in biochemical pathways.
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